In order to calculate the Gini index of ESQ, we need to obtain the Lorenz curve first. Generally, the Lorenz curve is obtained by ordering the variables on the vertical axis from the lowest to the highest value [31]. The author in [40] shows that ranking countries according to t...
Following the approach of Cheng and Yao (2021), we employ the perpetual inventory method to calculate rpats. The specific formula for the calculation is provided in Eq. (2):(2)rpatst=rpatct+1−δrpatst−1where, rpatst is used to indicate the stock of renewable energy patents for ...
Employing a large dynamic panel dataset of the Above-scale Industrial Dataset from the period between 1998 and 2012 with roughly 3,000,000 observations, we calculate a number of indicators of corporate performance, including Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and Return on Assets (ROA). Moreover, ...
We used LP semi-parametric method [48] to calculate firm total factor productivity. The main conditional variables included ESG, firm size, innovation intensity, and capital structure. More specifically, we used the environmental index E, social responsibility index S, firms governance index G, the...
First, the explanatory variables and errors were used to calculate the mean values. Second, these averages were used in weighted heteroscedasticity, as described by [87], to produce robust standard residuals [88]. 𝑦𝑖.𝑡=𝑥’𝑖,𝑡𝛽+𝜀𝑖,𝑡 𝑖=1,2,……,𝛮,𝑡=1,...
翻译结果2复制译文编辑译文朗读译文返回顶部 有关如何消灭尽可能多的敌人 翻译结果3复制译文编辑译文朗读译文返回顶部 有关如何消灭尽可能多的敌人 翻译结果4复制译文编辑译文朗读译文返回顶部 有关如何对消灭作为许多敌人可能作为 翻译结果5复制译文编辑译文朗读译文返回顶部 ...
acquisition period begins 60 trading days after the effective date to minimize the impact of acquisition negotiation and completion periods on stock return volatility (Kravet2014). For this measure, we calculate abnormal stock returns as the residual from the market model using the CRSP value-...
Employing a large dynamic panel dataset of the Above-scale Industrial Dataset from the period between 1998 and 2012 with roughly 3,000,000 observations, we calculate a number of indicators of corporate performance, including Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and Return on Assets (ROA). Moreover, ...
The total power of a unit’s livestock machinery for pigs was used to calculate the mechanization rate. (3) Resource utilization. Green production is the key element of sustainable development. The integrated planting and breeding technique decreases pig breeding waste emissions and encourages resource...
operability and dynamism, on the basis of the economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological five systems, and designs a set of index systems containing 5 primary indicators and 24 secondary indicators, using the coupled co-ordination degree model to accurately calculate the HQCD of the 284...