How is cobalt-60 a radioactive isotope? How does alpha radiation affect the atomic number? What is a nucleus in nuclear physics? Where are neutrons located? What makes up the nucleus of an atom? How many quarks are there in a helium-4 nucleus?
When an electron is transferred from one element to another, how does the element getting an extra electron still become a positive ion? Is the atom the smallest part of matter? If electrons are leptons, and leptons, along with quarks, are fermions, then how are electrons mad...
Atoms are made up of a nucleus, protons and electrons. ... Atoms were createdafter the Big Bang 13.7 billion years ago. As the hot, dense new universe cooled, conditions became suitable for quarks and electrons to form. Quarks came together to form protons and neutrons, and these particles...
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How many GeV is the Higgs? Analysis of much more data was needed before reducing the errors in such a measurement. Indeed, ATLAS and CMS have been improving this precision with their respective measurements over the years. Last year, ATLAS measured the Higgs mass to be124.97 GeVwith a precis...
Protons consist of three quarks whereby two of these quarks are up type while one is down quark. These quarks are bounded together through a strong force. This force does not permit a quark to exist alone. Confinement is used in binding the quarks within composite particles....
waves (or sound waves if you think about underwater communication). In quantum communications and quantum computing, you map information into the properties of atomic and subatomic systems. So, for example, you take the properties of a particle or the electron spin or energy levels in an ato...
This simple atom consists of a nucleus (containing the protons and neutrons) and an electron cloud. It's helpful to think of the electrons in this cloud circling the nucleus in many different orbits. Absorbing Energy Absorption of energy: An atom absorbs energy in the form of heat, light ...
If those masses arise through the Higgs mechanism as it is thought to be the case for the charged leptons and quarks, then it is puzzling why neutrinos should have a mass many orders of magnitudes smaller than the rest of the fermions, in particular within the same gener- ation. The most...
A shift of ⅔ of the leptonic charge to the electric charge relates leptons to quarks. Internal quantum numbers of hadrons and many rules of hadron interactions acquire simple physical interpretations.doi:10.1007/3-540-09238-2_115A. O. Barut...