Explain the inheritance of human blood types. What is it that is the cause of different human blood types? How many different alleles are involved in blood type? Can the frequency of these alleles vary in populations? Explain how multiple alleles in a...
Alleles are different versions of the same gene. In other words, alleles are different forms of a gene that arise due to mutations or changes in the DNA sequence of the gene. These mutations can occur spontaneously, or they can be inherited from parents...
All white blood cells start in bone marrow as stem cells. Stem cells are generic cells that can form into the many different types of leukocytes as they mature. For example, you can take a mouse, irradiate it to kill off its bone marrow's ability to produce new blood cells, and then ...
Many different biochemical mechanisms mediated the drug response at the target. These included: reversible, irreversible and slow binding kinetics; competitive, uncompetitive and noncompetitive interactions between physiological substrates/ligands and drugs; and inhibition, activation, agonism, partial agonism,...
All white blood cells start in bone marrow as stem cells. Stem cells are generic cells that can form into the many different types of leukocytes as they mature. For example, you can take a mouse, irradiate it to kill off its bone marrow's ability to produce new blood cells, and then ...
Many of these transcription factors also function in later T cell development, but control different genes. Here, we review how these transcription factors work to change the activities of specific genomic loci during early intrathymic development to establish T cell lineage identity. We introduce the...
Because of the random nature of gene selection, each child gets a different mix of genes from the DNA of the mother and father. This is why children from the same parents can have so many differences. A gene is nothing but a template for creating an enzyme. This means that, in any pl...
HLA Class II transgenic mouse models can be classified into several types by the expression of different HLA molecules: HLA-DR transgenic mice: This model expresses the HLA-DR molecule, which is mainly found on antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells and B lymphocytes, and is involved...
A specialized cell found in many tissues of adults. These cells can replace themselves through self-renewal and are generally multipotent, in that they can give rise to progeny that can differentiate into multiple different cell types of the associated organ. ...
The figure shows four different analyses. From top to bottom autoimmune thyroid disease (A), type 1 diabetes mellitus (B), inflammatory bowel disease (C) and familial autoimmunity (D) assessed as an outcome. The summary effect (random effect model) is depicted as a diamond at the bottom of...