Unlike many other tissues, such as cartilage, tendon and muscle � where only a small number of different cell types occur � bone is comprised of a multitude of different cells. These include bone cells, immune cells, fat cells, nerve cells and blood cells, to name a few. The combin...
Scientists identified molecules that potentially allow nerve-supporting cells - known as Schwann cells - to transform into a specialised version that enable them to help nerves regenerate. As well as identifying vitalgenesthat orchestrate this transformation, the scientists discovered molecular markers that...
It is difficult to shed additional weight if you need to lose 5 or 10 pounds. Assuming that you’ve attempted previously and missed the mark regarding your objective, it tends to be difficult to remain persuaded. However, you won’t be guaranteed to have to lose a lot of weight to encou...
unlike starch, cellulose forms a long, linear chain with each glucose unit linked together through β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. This structural arrangement results in cellulose molecules being tightly packed and insoluble in water. Cellulose is the main component of plant cell walls and provides strength...
Scott argues that countries that have experienced rapid growth also have gone through the demographic transition very quickly, which could lead to a stronger ageing effect that must be offset by incre- ased longevity. While these regions and countries are experiencing high birth rates, it is of...
Nociceptive pain occurs when intact nerve cell endings are stimulated due to tissue injury and inflammation. This type of pain is further divided into somatic pain, which involves receptors in the skin, soft tissue, skeletal muscle and bone, and visceral pain, which involves receptors in internal...
In today’s world, owning a car is more than just a convenience—it’s often necessary. Whether commuting to work, exploring new places, or running errands, reliable transportation can significantly improve your quality of life. However, purchasing a car outright can be financially daunting for ...
which reflects the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). A normal result is 0.7 to 1.3 mg/dl for men and 0.6 to 1.1 mg/dl for women. Females usually have a lower creatinine than males, because they usually have less muscle mass. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories...
the receptor types activated by variable smells are important because they convey a lot of information to the brain about this variability, and are more abundant in the nose because of this," Tesileanu explains. "To our knowledge, this is the first time that such 'efficient coding' ideas ha...
There is an entire industry, with an arsenal of technologies, devoted to DDoS defense. But largely it’s a matter of bandwidth. If the attacker has a bigger fire hose of data than the defender has, the attacker wins. Recently, some of the major companies that provide the basic ...