Initially, viruses infection does not cause cancer but helps in acquiring cancer hallmarks over the years as tumor development is a progressive multiple step involving process associated with the build-up of various mutations caused by genetic damages [4]. Oncogenic viruses have different structural ...
ICIs can also be used as adjuvant or neoadjuvant ther- apy for early lung cancer, and PD-L1 does have a certain predictive effect on immunotherapy of early lung cancer. Multiple studies have shown that the expression of PD-L1 is related to the main pathological response (MPR) of adjuvant ...
Table 1. Gut microbiota influence on systemic treatment response in metastatic CRC: involved bacteria and mechanisms of action. 5-Fu: 5-fluorouracil; PDL1: programmed cell death 1 ligand 1; PD1: programmed cell death protein 1; CTLA4: cytotoxic T lymphocyte protein 4; TLR: Toll-like receptor...