In contrast to self-reports, external assessment instruments, such as knowledge tests, limit the need for self-assessment and provide a more objective measure. Previous studies have used external assessment instruments to examine the validity of self-reports as measures of TPACK and have found consis...
Though weight measurements will always be the most accurate for baking, you can still get good results with the spoon-and-level method for how to measure flour. Here’s what you need to do: First, fluff up the flour in the bag or canister. Flour settles easily, becoming tightly packed ...
How do we measure TPACK? Let me count the ways In this chapter we reviewed a wide range of approaches to measure Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). We identified recent empirical studies that utilized TPACK assessments and determined whether they should be included ... MJ Koehler...
Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to measure the validity and reliability constructs of historical thinking skills, Tpack, and application of historical thinking skills. Int. J. Educ. Psychol. Couns. 2022, 7, 608–623. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] Lee, S...