How do mRNA and tRNA work together during protein synthesis? How is DNA structure similar to a protein? How is DNA microarray efficient? How does DNA microarray technology work? How does Z-DNA form? Why do cells use RNA in protein synthesis, rather than translate directly from DNA?
DNA transcription- DNA is transcribed into an RNA message for protein synthesis. The three major steps are initiation, elongation, and finally termination. DNA translation- The transcribed RNA message is translated to produceproteins. In this process, both messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tR...
mRNA is formed with the help of ribose sugar residues where the nitrogenous bases are associated. All the nucleotides are attached with the phosphodiester linkage but the sugar is different at a single residue from that of a DNA. The structure is single-stranded and the resultant formation of m...
The ribosome has two parts, which bind on either side of the mRNA. Within the large part are two "rooms" (P- and A-sites) that will fit two adjacent codons of the mRNA, two tRNA molecules and two amino acids. At first, the P-site holds the first codon in the mRNA and A-site ...
The seas confront organisms with a suite of abiotic stressors that pose challenges for physiological activity. Variations in temperature, hydrostatic press
resulting in the fault of the aforementioned module. Repeated heat waves during the booting stage disarray the development of fibrous sclerenchyma and spongy parenchymatous cells, eventuating in palea defects (Gu et al.2023). The recessive mutation ofSLG1obstructs tRNA 2-thiolation, affecting the pr...
During initial association of ternary complex (aa-tRNA?EF-Tu?GTP) with the ribosome, codon– anticodon interactions are formed between aa-tRNA and mRNA. Based on differences in hydrogen bonding energies, a ternary complex that contains a cognate (correct) aa-tRNA molecule is only marginally more...
Together, it took less than one year to complete the design, manufacture, efficacy and safety tests, and evaluation and approval for use. Both mRNA vaccines have been found to be highly effective and safe in preventing COVID-19 according to clinical trials [4, 5]. Compared to other vaccine...
And, finally, how do some misfolded proteins avoid the refolding action of chaperones at the molecular level? These are biologically important questions because the answer to the first two questions could impact our understanding of how protein homeostasis is maintained in cells. The answer to the ...
In protein synthesis what does the tRNA connect to in the ribosome? How do DNA and ribosomes direct protein production in cells? Give examples. Describe how eukaryotic mRNA is processed before leaving the nucleus. How is nascent mRNA processed in a eukaryotic cell?