Because HERV-K Env is an arginine-rich protein that is likely endocytosed and arginine is a pH-elevating amino acid, it is important to determine HERV-K Env effects on endolysosome pH and whether HERV-K Env-induced neurotoxicity is downstream of Fe2+ released from endolysosomes. Here, we ...
HML-2 Env protein expression has also been observed in different human tumor types, among them GCT and melanoma (reviewed in ref. [12]). HML-2 Env appears to have tumorigenic potential. Lemaître et al. [31] reported epithelial to mesenchymal transition following HML-2 Env expression and i...
In the present study, we examined a broad range of cell lines from 16 distinct tissues and ten species for their susceptibility to HML-2 Env mediated infection. In addition, we tested the cellular receptors of the most closely related betaretroviruses MMTV, JSRV and ENTV for their potential ...
Interestingly, even a mild 2-fold overexpression of HERV-K(HML-2) Env in neurons results in ALS neurotoxicity (Li et al., 2015), implicating that fine regulation is needed to maintain the healthy state. Recently, it has been reported that downregulation of HERV-K(HML-2) Env promotes ...
(type 2) of a 292 bp deletion at thepol-envjunction [13], or based upon their LTR sequence [14]. Unique among HERVs, the HML-2 group includes human-specific proviruses, of which 11 are known to be insertionally polymorphic within the population [8,15–17]. The HML-2 insertion ...
(HML-2) proviruses encode for the viral genes,pol, gag,andenv[17]. Besidespol, gag,andenv-encoded proteins, two accessory proteins with regulatory functions are also produced, namely Rec and Np9 [17], which have often been linked to tumor genesis [17,36]. Beside the capacity to encode...
Whether the level of Env expression or the cellular Env to Gag ratio plays a role in the formation of HERV-K(HML-2) type A particles needs to be determined and is currently under investigation. Despite a significant boost, it was not possible to drive oriHERV-K113 into the production of...
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We found HML-2 env expression in both the intracellular and extracellular compartments in all AT/RT cell lines (n=4) and in 95% of AT/RT patient tissues (n=37) evaluated.knock-down in neural stem cells (NSCs) led to an upregulation of HML-2 transcription. We found that SMARCB1 binds...