The cytosolic protein hexokinase (HK) plays a crucial role in glycolysis by catalyzing the breakdown of glucose to produce most of the ATP generated from mitochondria. For efficient glycolysis, HK must access the mitochondrial ATP, which flows out via the voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC), ...
In some settings, a connection between autophagy, cell metabolism and PKM2 has been described. First,mTOR, an autophagy-inhibitory protein[143,144], plays a critical role for aerobic glycolysis and tumor growth via a mechanism involving the up-regulation of PKM2[145](Fig. 2). Thus, the admin...
HEXOKINASE, with the chemical formula C6H12O6 and CAS registry number 9001-51-8, is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism. It catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, which is the first step in both glycolysis and glycogen synthesis. HEXOKINASE is ...
The first is an AtHXK1-dependent pathway in which gene expression is correlated with the AtHXK1-mediated signaling function. The second is a glycolysis-dependent pathway that is influenced by the catalytic activity of both AtHXK1 and the heterologous yeast Hxk2. The last is an AtHXK1-...
These data support the role of HK2 as a tumor promoter and indicate a direct relationship between HK2 expression and cell proliferation. Fig. 2 Effect of HK2 knockdown on tumorigenicity of human HCC cells. a Immunoblot analysis of inducible HK2 KD in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. b In vitro ...
It is also upregulated in many types of tumors associated with enhanced aerobic glycolysis in tumor cells, the Warburg effect. In addition to the fundamental role in glycolysis, HK-II is increasingly recognized as a component of a survival signaling nexus. This review summarizes recent advances ...
Carbon source-dependent phosphorylation of hexokinase PII and its role in the glucose-signaling response in yeast The HXK2 gene is required for a variety of regulatory effects leading to an adaptation for fermentative metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, th... F, Randez-Gil,P, Sanz,...
A role of phosphofructokinase in pH-dependent regulation of glycolysis 1. 1. Glycolysis in a cell-free extract from rat diaphragm was stimulated at elevated pH in the presence of higher concentrations of ATP. A similar situation was also observed in the case of intact-cell preparations of rat ...
many types of cancers [2,5,6]. Recent studies showed that HK2 played an important role in glycolysis, as well as other functions. HK2 binds to the autophagy suppressor, mTOR complex 1 (TORC1), and positively regulates glucose starvation-induced autophagy which is crucial for cell survival [...
in the N-terminal domain that enables HK1 and HK2 to bind to the outer mitochondrial membrane [15,16]. HK1 and HK2 were reported to inhibit mitochondrial sensitization to apoptosis by restricting access of the proapoptotic BCL-2 protein Bax to the mitochondria [17]. A cytoprotective role for...