Chronic viral hepatitis (CVH), a state of persistent infection marked by inflammation, is a global health concern with more than half a billion people chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and/or hepatitis B virus (HBV). The mechanism by which CVH induces liver disease, including ...
HBV core-associated DNA and pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) indicate persistent viral replication8. HBV infection stimulates a series of signaling pathways and regulates cell cycle and proliferation9, while host factors and pathways determining viral replication fitness contribute to the development of viral-...
Nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) is a dual-function protein with a protease domain at the N-terminus and a helicase domain at the C-terminus (1, 3). Studies suggest that the helicase activity of NS3 is essential for viral replication; however, its exact biological role in the life cycle of...
validate the assay, (a) TC and (b) myr-preS12-48lipopeptide were used as inhibitors. Furthermore, the already established NTCP inhibitors (c) ciglitazone, (d) troglitazone, (e) cyclosporine A, and (f) rapamycin were analyzed for [3H]TC transport inhibition and [3H]preS1 binding inhibi...
virus and the host immune response [132]. In pregnancy, maternal immunity is totally altered to tolerate semi-foreign body of fetus, and also pregnancy is associated with increased adrenal corticosteroids and other hormones that play a significant role in altering host immunity and viral replication...
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)SplenectomySplenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL)We report the case of a patient diagnosed with a splenic marginal zone lymphoma with a simultaneous finding of hepatitis B virus infection, who responded to antiviral treatment and splenectomy. We highlighted this association ...
expression of miR-122 in patients with CHC at the most advanced stages of fibrosis20. MiR-122 has been suggested to interact with HBV genome and to inhibit its replication21. Interestingly, in patients with CHB, the down-regulation of miR-122 may contribute to viral persistence and ...
Interestingly, betulinic acid (4) was also used in HBV infection studies before, which showed inhibition of HBV replication by suppression of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) expression with subsequent mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) over-generation49. Based on this and the results ...
A subset of SNPs determined to be significant in the genome-wide phase (the discovery set) is genotyped in a second tier (the replication set), producing a smaller subset of significantly associated SNPs that are then tested in a third tier (a second replication set), and so forth. We ...
This action was followed by centrifuging the samples at 300× g for 5 min at 4 °C. Then, the supernatant was discarded, and the precipitation was resuspended in 1 mL of PBS. To remove red blood cells, 2 mL GEXSCOPE® red blood cell lysis buffer (Singleron Biotechnologies, Nanjing, ...