Mechanistically, ACOT12 and ACOT8 are dramatically upregulated in the liver to convert free fatty acid-derived acetyl-CoA to acetate and CoA. This conversion not only provides a large amount of acetate, which preferentially fuels the brain rather than muscle, but also recycles CoA, ...
Dietary fructose is converted to acetate by the gut microbiota9, and this supplies lipogenic acetyl-CoA independently of ACLY10. Depletion of the microbiota or silencing of hepatic ACSS2, which generates acetyl-CoA from acetate, potently suppresses the conversion of bolus fructose into hepatic acetyl...
Here, we found that a high-fat diet (HFD) enhanced mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, which enhanced acetyl-CoA levels in the liver of the large yellow croaker. The HFD activated ACLY to govern the “citrate transport” to transfer acetyl-CoA from the mitochondria to the nucleus. ...
Stable isotope labels such as 13C-acetate and 2H2O are used to determine the rate of DNL through the incorporation into VLDL-palmitate. ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; ACS, acetyl-CoA synthase; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; CPT1, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1; DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate; FASN...
In patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), it has been estimated that as much as 26% of the liver triglyceride derives from DNL (18). The first committed step in lipid synthesis is the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). ...
to use distinct substrates under a wide variety of stimuli enables the continuous work of mitochondria in the liver. Under a fasting state, β-oxidation is initiated from fatty acids, and glycolysis is initiated from glucose, which constitutes the most prominent sources of acetyl-CoA for the TCA...
Another fatty acid de novo synthesis enzyme, FAS, resides predominantly in the liver and fat tissues, where it facilitates the conversion of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA into long-chain fatty acids [56]. Moreover, down-regulation of the transcrip- tion factor SREBP-1c, which binds to the ...
(Q4) shared no enriched GO annotations. Significantly changed key enzymes of lipid metabolism differentially expressed in both omics included ACLY, FASN, SCD1, and ELOVL6, which catalyze the synthesis of saturated fatty acids (SAFA) and MUFA from acetyl-CoA; and SC5D and LSS, which are ...
respectively. This study demonstrated that Spirulina enhances liver energy conversion efficiency, detoxification and cellular secretion. It improves hepatic metabolic efficiency through alterations in fatty acid oxidation (e.g., upregulation of enzymes like fatty acid synthase and increased acetyl-CoA levels...
ACO Acetyl-coA Oxidase ATGL Adipose Triglyceride Lipase CPT-I. Carnitine Palmityl Transferase-I Keywords Growth fat metabolism hepatic health fat levels largemouth bass 1. Introduction As one of the three primary nutrients, lipids manifestly hold critical importance as nutrients for animal growth, physi...