Because of the way it is spread, the hepatitis A virus tends to occur in epidemics and outbreaks. As many as 1 in 3 adults (>age 19) in the United States have antibodies to HAV, meaning they have been exposed to the virus, but most do not become ill. In 2011, researchers reported ...
Hepatitis C infection is diagnosed with several blood tests. The hepatitis C antibody test checks for antibodies (immune particles) that fight the virus. A "non-reactive" result means that antibodies to the virus are not detected. A "reactive" result means antibodies to the virus are present, ...
Hepatitis C infection is diagnosed with several blood tests. The hepatitis C antibody test checks for antibodies (immune particles) that fight the virus. A "non-reactive" result means that antibodies to the virus are not detected. A "reactive" result means antibodies to the virus are present, ...
Nonreactive (negative). This means you're not currently infected with hep C. If you think you've been exposed within the last 6 months, you will need to be tested again to make sure because it can take a while for your antibody levels to rise high enough to be detected on a test....
meaning to be unaffected by oxygen tension (despite the name HIF-1β).1,4,14 In addition, it is assumed that ARNT is available in excess inside the cell.15 However, there is accumulating evidence that certain cell lines are capable to upregulate ARNT in hypoxia,16–18 which implies a ...
HepG2 cells were subsequently incubated with anti-CTR1 antibody and Alexa-488 anti-rabbit antibodies (1:5000) sequentially for 1 h in room temperature. The fixed cell images were recorded using a Leica TCS SP8 Confocal Microscope System (405 nm and 488 nm lasers), at 63 × ...
For cytoskeletal proteins, either a rabbit anti-b-tubulin (diluted 1:10 in 3% BSA in PBS and revealed by a Texas red-conjugated anti-rabbit-IgG antibody) for 1 h or a 10 mM FITC-conjugated phalloidin for 20 min were used. All the incubations were performed at room tem- perature. ...
Nonreactive (negative). This means you're not currently infected with hep C. If you think you've been exposed within the last 6 months, you will need to be tested again to make sure because it can take a while for your antibody levels to rise high enough to be detected on a test....
(A) Cells pretreated with indicated concentrations of GHP for 12 h were stimulated with 400 μM H2O2 for 30 min. ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels were measured by DCF-DA with fluorescent analysis; (B) The ROS levels were analyzed using a confocal scanning system. (a) Cells were ...
nanocomplex based on selenium nanoparticles with size 100 nm. Using vitality tests, fluorescence microscopy, and PCR analysis, it was possible to show that selenium nanoparticles, both by themselves and doped with sorafenib, have a pronounced pro-apoptotic effect on HepG2 cells with an efficiency ...