on cell membrane permeability of cardiac muscle? What happens when the right ventricle contracts? Outline the flow of blood through the heart. Explain the function of valves as you proceed. What are the possible causes of blocked coronary arteries? What could result if the cond...
The heart consists of a range of tissues. The most important one is cardiac muscle. The cells have the ability to contract and relax through the complete life of the person, without ever becoming fatigued. Each cardiac muscle cell is myogenic. This means it has its own inherent rhythm. Belo...
Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome defined based on clinicalsymptoms and signsdue to cardiac abnormalities, either structural and/or functional.1Until a few years ago, an impairment ofsystolic function, that is, reduction ofejection fraction(EF), was considered essential in the definition of the ...
The pumping of the heart is a function of the cardiac muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, that make up the heart muscle. Cardiomyocytes, shown in(Figure), are distinctive muscle cells that are striated like skeletal muscle but pump rhythmically and involuntarily like smooth muscle; they are connected...
Empty CellAsymptomatic/ mildStable anginaUnstable anginaST segment elevation (Q-wave) MIPoor LV functionLife threatening ventricular arrhythmiasFailed PTCAPrevious CABG Class I Left main stenosis Left main equivalent (proximal LAD and proximal circumflex)Triple-vessel disease Left main stenosis Left main ...
Reduced left or right ventricular systolic function Ventricular hypertrophy Abnormalities in heart muscle contraction Valve disease Increased filling pressures (as measured via invasive tests or Doppler echocardiography ) Also includes those with risk factors (stage A), PLUS ↑ levels of B-type natriur...
Nanotubes enhance the electrical coupling between cells that invade the patch, helping them keep up with the heart’s steady beat. “When cells first populate a patch, their connections are immature compared with native tissue,” Jacot said. The insulating scaffold can delay the cell-to-cell sig...
The heart can respond to increased pathophysiological demand through alterations in tissue structure and function [1]. This process, calledcardiac remodeling, is particularly evident followingmyocardial infarction(MI), where the blockage of acoronary arteryleads to widespread death ofcardiac muscle. Follow...
A very useful subjective assessment is obtained by reviewing a slow motion loop at the high papillary muscle level (see Figure 8-5, A; Video 8-20). If the internal LV chamber area decreases by at least 50% over the cardiac cycle, global systolic function will be normal. This change can...
Dev. Cell 20, 397–404 (2011). CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Kim, J. et al. PDGF signaling is required for epicardial function and blood vessel formation in regenerating zebrafish hearts. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 17206–17210 (2010). CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google...