Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) is the main point of regulation for controlling the rate of glycolysis. The activity of PFK-1 is regulated by various effectors having various signaling messages of the cell metabolism. Glycogen phosphorylase is regulated by allosteric effectors and reversible phosphorylatio...
Glycolysis is regulated by several genes and enzymes, and many regulatory factors are involved in this process (Fig. 2). These key factors are known to be altered and expressed abnormally in many cancers. As mentioned before, GLUTs are first regulator of glycolytic pathway because of its role ...
No accumulation, however, takes place if the lactate-to-pyruvate ratio is maintained constant in the extracellular compartment, regardless of concentrations. These studies demonstrate that orderly glycolysis in the erythrocyte is regulated by the NAD-to-NADH ratio and also provide a method that makes...
6c, d). It can therefore be argued that AMPK activity in β-cells is regulated by glucose via a pathway that is independent of intracellular nucleotide levels, and that both the acute and chronic AMPK response to glucose involve a glycolytic metabolite. Both Me-pyruvate and leucine stimulated ...
Naive T cells are characterized by decreased metabolic activity, which is mainly catabolic, and primarily rely on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO)[15]. Once activated, T cells require large amounts of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids to support cellular ...
Lactate build up lowers intracellular pH, which is detrimental to the cell [72, 73]. Evidence shows that LDHA, which is upregulated in gynaecologic cancers, is important for cell proliferation and chemoresistance [74,75,76]. Rucaparib, a PARP inhibitor, suppresses the LDH-mediated conversion ...
Glucose transporter GLUT1 is a transmembrane protein responsible for the uptake of glucose into the cells of many tissues through facilitative diffusion. Plasma membrane (PM) localization is essential for glucose uptake by GLUT1. However, the mechanism u
Glycolytic reprogramming is one of the most important features of cancer and plays an integral role in the progression of cancer. In cancer cells, changes in glucose metabolism meet the needs of self-proliferation, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, met
In common with this finding, lactate and pyruvate were also upregulated in blood and milk in heat-stressed dairy cows in our previous studies [4,5]. Liver metabolic perturbations of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows When oxygen is not available, they produce energy via the less efficient ...
Furthermore, we identified two glycolysis enzymes, ENO1 and PGK1, among these hypoxia signature genes, as glycolysis is closely linked to hypoxia. ENO1, PGK1, and PDK1, a glycolysis regulatory factor regulated by PGK1, are characteristic genes in the hypoxia signaling pathway according to the ...