In this work, a series of acid catalysts were synthetized from a commercial zirconium oxide sulfated with a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution by wet impregnation. The characterization results show a correlation between the calcination temperature and the acid sites generated on the materials. Among the ...
For the continuous cultivations, cells were initially grown to steady state without power application. Then, the first attempts to control ORP used a constant cathodic current of −100 mA with a simple on/off controller. Here, the first finding was that the ORP could, in contrast to the r...
3 H2 selectivity was obtained using a 30 wt.% glycerol concentration, as defined in Reference [42]. 4 Temperature corresponding to highest H2 selectivity is listed [38]. Pt exhibits good activity under typical aqueous phase reforming conditions, with satisfactory selectivity (up to 75%) [24,40...
The Bi, Pt and Pd NPs were selected to combine with Au because Bi prefers to react with the secondary hydroxyl group of glycerol to form DHA while the Pt and Pd can promote the activity of glycerol oxidation [53–56]. 2. Experiment 2.1. Preparation of the Au/TiO2 and AuM/TiO2 ...
[27] showed that a high purity glycerol (93.34% w/w) could be obtained from waste oil methyl ester, with H2SO4 at pH 1, after sequent neutralizations with 12.5 M NaOH and mechanical treatments. Hajek et al. [28], proposed glycerol acidification, following vegetable oil conversion to ...
Sulfonation was accomplished as described in the literature by magnetically stirring the phenyl-grafted material in 25 mL of H2SO4 at 75 ◦C for 1 d [32]. The acidic mixture was then added to ≥200 mL of H2O. Solid was collected by gravity filtration, washed with H2O, and dried at ...
Cont. Catalyst (A) Operation Parameters Performance (%) TOF Reference 0.01 mmol H3PW12O40 0.01 mmol H3PW12O40-calcined 200 ◦C 0.03 mmol PTSA 0.015 mmol H2SO4 CeO2-Al2O3 (101) CeO2-ZrO2 (49) SO42−/CeO2-Al2O3 (136) SO42−/CeO2-ZrO2 (92) T = 60 ◦C, P = 0.101...
Performances of sulfuric acid adsorbed (SSA) with different H2SO4 loading (1.5 mol% respect to gly). In the attempt to compare alternative Brønsted species, orthophosphoric acid was first considered but, when supported on silica (H3PO4·SiO2, 3.0 mmol/g) it gave a disappoint- ing result...
The maximal glycerol conversion was 28% with 80% selectivity to solketal, and was achieved at 240 min and 10.8 of acetone/glycerol molar ratio. 5. Homogeneous Catalysts for Acetalization Generally, acetalization of glycerol is performed over homogeneous mineral acids such as H3PO4 and H2SO4 [...
3.2. Effect of Va0ri0ables on the40Transesteri8f0ication of G12l0ycero0l0with Ethyle4n0 e Carbona8t0e 3.2. Effect of Variables on the Transtiemset(ehr) ification of Glycerol with EthylenetimCea(hr)bonate 120 3.2.1. EffecFtigoufreth7.eESvoolluvteionntof the presence of reactants ...