Coastal flood risks are rising rapidly. We provide high resolution estimates of the economic value of mangroves forests for flood risk reduction every 20 km worldwide. We develop a probabilistic, process-based valuation of the effects of mangroves on
We couple spatially-explicit 2-D hydrodynamic analyses with economic models, and find that mangroves provide flood protection benefits exceeding $US 65 billion per year. If mangroves were lost, 15 million more people would be flooded annually across the world. Some of the nations that receive the...
Key steps and data for estimating the flood protection benefits provided by reefs.aStage 1: Oceanographic data are combined to assess offshore sea states (waves and sea level). Stage 2: Waves are modified by nearshore hydrodynamics. Stage 3: Effects of habitat on wave run-up are estimated. ...
Coral reefs and mangroves protect against the rise of sea levels and storm surges. Forests and wetlands reduce flood risk. The decline in these life forms has been massive: In total, the world has lost 69% of its wildlife populations in the past half a century, according t...
Mangroves provide several ecosystem goods and services to society. However, mangroves are frequently subjected to land conversion, overharvesting, and pollution including increased nitrogen (N) availability. Aiming to provide useful information to predict effects of N enrichment on mangroves, we evaluated...
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Mississippi Delta residents have been historically reliant on ecosystem services including water quality and supply as well as hurricane and flood protection [3,24], all stemming from the most biologically productive ecosystem in the U.S. [7]. However, a recognition of the delta as a coupled ...
On the negative side, grey infrastructure does not deal with the causes of erosion [2]. They lack dynamic protection and ecosystem benefits [12], contribute to coastal squeeze by limiting the natural landward migration of the shoreline [25,26], and contribute to coastal scenery deterioration [...