later stage. A clear contribution to the MES shift at recurrence seems to be a marked increase in the percentage of MES cells which are cycling (Fig.3b,c). This percentage stands in stark contrast to the strong correlation observed between the MES phenotype and quiescence in primary, treatment...
Immediately after the appearance of neurological symptoms, the brain was harvested following transcar- dial perfusion with 4% PFA. Tumor volumes were mac- roscopically assessed in coronal sections and calculated from the formula (length × width2)/2. Statistical analysis Statistical analyses...
A glioma is a primary central nervous system tumor of varying grades, with the most aggressive form being glioblastoma (GBM; WHO grade 4) and is also the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults with a poor prognosis [25]. Even with multimodal therapeutic approaches, the relative s...
At this point, tumor mice were humanely euthanized as endpoints for survival curves and terminal stage analyses. Neurological symptoms were verified during brain extraction to ensure it is due to the presence of a tumor mass labeled by fluorescent reporter in the right hemisphere rather than other ...
Metastases that do not lead to any clinical symptoms are often ignored, despite the unfavorable overall survival of GBM patients. However, evaluation of CTCs may be beneficial in GBM patients with a long life expectancy (see sections below). GSCs are able to protect themselves from the immune ...
(particularly one that is inherited); and family history ofcancer. Symptoms of brain cancer vary widely depending on the location of thetumour. As the tumour grows, it might put pressure on nearby regions of the brain and thereby affect the functions controlled by those regions. Difficulty or ...
The patient's Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score was 70 immediately after the surgery, and the symptoms of speech and word-finding difficulty were gradually alleviated. The patient continued to live a normal life with a KPS of 90–100 at one year after the surgery. MRI results showed ...
The body weights of these mice were weighed every 3 days and their overall survival (OS) times were recorded until the emergence of observation endpoint defined as natural death, 20% weight loss and abnormal central neurological symptoms, then the Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted. ...
Alternatively, a final diagnosis of RN was made if enhancing lesions gradually decreased on more than two subsequent follow-up MRI studies performed at 2–3 month intervals and clinical symptoms improved during the follow-up period. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) processing error (n ...
Notably, metastases that do not manifest clinical symptoms within the limited life span of GB patients are easily overlooked, but checking for metastatic CTC might be beneficial in long-term GB survivors (see Sections below). When in circulation, GSCs have the ability to evade immune response [...