A gene is a portion ofDNAthat determines a trait. A trait is a characteristic, or a feature, passed from one generation to another, like height or eye color. Genes come in multiple forms or versions. Each of these forms is called an allele. For example, the gene responsible for the ha...
Gene vs. Allele The variants of a gene controlling the same trait and occupying a specific region on a chromosome are referred to as alleles. A particular trait may be determined by a pair of alleles or by the interaction of a series of alleles as in the case of the multiple allelic ...
we used phylogenetics andπN/πS-inspired tools to infer the genes with signatures of recent and potentially clinically relevant selection inC. glabrata,C. auris,C. albicans,C. tropicalis,C. parapsilosisandC. orthopsilosis. Second
The complete susceptibility of PM-24 against Ac-Dli isolate suggested the presence of susceptible allele in this genotype. All the F1 plants were resistant to Ac-Dli isolate, indicating the dominant nature of resistance over susceptibility. Among 350 F2 plants, 277 were resistant and 73 were ...
An autosomal dominant trait is one that manifests even in the heterozygous state (i.e., one mutant allele and one normal allele). Or in other words, the mutation is present only on one chromosome which is enough to cause the disease. Autosomal dominant disorders are generally milder than ...
allele frequency and effect size (Fig.4d). There was no significant difference between the two correlation coefficients (Fisher’sz-test:z = 0.53,p-value = 0.60). The negative relationship between frequency and effect size was observed in homoeologs even for the subset ofcis-eQTL whos...
(chromosomes in particular) viahomologous recombination. The identification of a recombinant strain may rely on phenotypic selections when the phenotype of the implemented gene/modified allele can be selected for, DNA analyses orselectable markerinserted along with the target gene of interest. When...
GTEx expression data’ section inSupplementary Methods). To assess effect sizes across tissues, we used the (not quantile-normalized) log2CPM matrix for eQTL mapping with QTLtools, enabling interpretable comparisons of effect sizes (β) across tissues in units of log2fold-change per alt allele....
application to analysis of drug intervention studies. Finally, we phenotype previously generatedCRISPR/Cas9mutant mice with a Thr92Ala polymorphism in theDio2gene that is orthologous to the human variant associated with osteoarthritis susceptibility. The Ala92 allele confers protection against early-onset...
The second class of approaches is that of site frequency spectra (SFS), which use histograms of allele frequencies to estimate the magnitude of fitness effects in pre-defined sites in comparison to a neutral class. In doing so, this approach distinguishes sites subject to selection, allowing ...