Mutations can occur at the level of entire chromosomes or parts of chromosomes, or at the level of the individual gene. Gene mutation can originate either from an error in DNA replication (spontaneous mutation)
A mutant, by definition, will differ from its parent strain in genotype, the precise nucleotide sequence in the DNA of the genome. In addition, the visible property of the mutant, its phenotype, may also be altered relative to the parent strain. A point mutation may be associated with a ...
εg=1), whereas a value ofϕG=0 represents complete nonessentiality (allowingdsg=nsgeven whenεg>0). Notably, however, our definition ofϕGalso allows for negative values, reflecting increased cell growth after inactivation of geneG. Such an increase...
Gene — Mutation — Molecular diagnosisThis mini-review outlines DNA structure and the regulation of gene expression. It then discusses the nature of mutations, techniques employed to detect them, and the limitations of these techniques.doi:10.1007/s002469900413Achan...
a sequence of DNA that determines the structure of a protein. protein large complex molecules that are responsible for traits. mutation a random and permanent change to the genetic materials in a gene. Heritable When a trait is able to be passed from parent to offspring. ...
(Avena strigosaaccession S75) following sodium azide mutagenesis2. Interestingly, genetic analysis indicated that the loci that we had defined by mutation were clustered3. We have subsequently cloned and characterized ten avenacin pathway genes, five of which are located on a ~300 kb BAC contig...
The average number of TE insertions in genes and the expression level of genes in different groups of syntenic gene families (two-sided Student’sttest; centerline, median; box limits, first and third quartiles; whiskers, 1.5× IQR). Different lowercase letters above the box plots represent sig...
Recently, a CRISPR/Cas9-based gene KO screening using five different human cell lines identified genes whose perturbation decreased cell growth and proliferation40. The authors referred to these genes as ‘fitness’ genes; according to the definition, ‘essential’ genes consist of a subset of ...
Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) is beneficial to a cell if the acquired gene confers a useful function, but is detrimental if the gene has no function, if it is incompatible with existing genes, or if it is a selfishly replicating mobile element. If the b
amplified resistance genes, as described below, although the definition of gene amplification in these examples differ from mammalian cells. Gene duplicationinvolves copying a gene multiple times; the copies may be maintained on the same chromosome in tandem array or be transferred to other chromosomes...