Chronic kidney disease(CKD): other signs of CKD likely to be present e.g. reduced urine output or pruritus Vitamin Ddeficiency: serum calcium may be low, but PTH will be elevated Pseudohypoparathyroidism: PTH levels will be elevated
Chronic kidney disease Atrial fibrillation Stroke Peripheral vascular disease Rheumatic fever Drug history Ask if the patient is currently taking anyprescribedmedicationsorover-the-counterremedies: “Are you currently taking any prescribed medications or over-the-counter treatments?” ...
Chronic kidney disease counselling 🔒 Counselling 💬 Clozapine counselling 🔒 Counselling 💬 Colonoscopy explanation 🔒 Counselling 💬 Consent for blood transfusion 🔒 Counselling 💬 Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) counselling 🔒 Counselling 💬 DNACPR discussion 🔒 Counse...
Hydrocortisone is given forsevere or life-threateningasthmaandchronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. It is also given to treat or preventadrenal crisesin patients with adrenal insufficiency. InasthmaandCOPD, there isinflammationwithin the airways. Hydrocortisone is asteroidwhich inhibits ...
Geeky Medics OSCE Textbooks Table of Contents Improve Article Key points Nephrotic syndrome: characterised by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and oedema due to damage to the glomerular filtration barrier. Aetiology: can be primary (e.g. minimal change disease, FSGS) or secondary (e.g. diabetes,...
Pallor: can suggest underlying anaemia (e.g. haemorrhage, chronic disease) or poor perfusion (e.g. congestive cardiac failure) Oedema: typically presents with swelling of the limbs (e.g. pedal oedema) or abdomen (ascites) and may indicate underlying heart failure ...
Chronic pain: 5-10mg every 4 hours Typical drug dosing for (oral) oxycodone: Severe pain: initially 5mg every 4-6 hours; dose to be increased upon response; maximum 400mg daily; reduce the dose by 50% in those with renal impairment ...
Causes ofacuteoracute-on-chronicabdominal pain include: Gastrointestinal: oesophagitis, peptic ulcer (+/- perforation), gastroenteritis, splenic infarction/rupture,appendicitis,diverticulitis, bowel obstruction/ischaemia/perforation, flare of inflammatory bowel disease,strangulated or incarcerated hernia ...
Chronic liver failure due to cirrhosis, which may be compensated or decompensated Liver mass A mass in the liver could be due to: Generalised hepatomegaly: acute hepatitis, early cirrhosis, heart failure, tricuspid regurgitation (pulsatile), sickle cell disease, inborn errors of metabolism Liver cy...