CellStructureFunctionApplicationExtracellular matrix (ECM) is a kind of connective tissue in the cell microenvironment, which is of great significance to tissue development. ECM in muscle fiber niche consists of three layers: the epimysium, the perimysium, and the endomysium (basal lamina). ...
et al. Functional demarcation of active and silent chromatin domains in human HOX loci by noncoding RNAs. Cell 129, 1311–1323 (2007). This work uses tiling microarrays to discover hundreds of non-coding RNAs transcribed from HOX gene clusters, focusing on HOTAIR, which regulates HOX gene ...
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology volume 18, pages 229–245 (2017)Cite this article 18k Accesses 26 Altmetric Metrics details Key Points The organization of the nuclear envelope (NE) is perfectly adapted to its function as a compartment boundary and protective coat for the genome. The ...
Your nerves signal your muscles to move by releasing chemicals called neurotransmitters. Those chemicals fit into receptors on the surface of muscle cells the way a key fits into a lock. In myasthenia gravis, your immune system makes antibodies that destroy receptors. This prevents your muscles fro...
SUMOylation, which is a type of post-translational modification that involves covalent conjugation of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins to target substrates, regulates various important molecular and cellular processes, including transcription, the cell cycle, cell signaling, and DNA synthesis...
few minutes, other mechanisms take over. Injury to the smooth muscle of the blood vessel itself causes a longer-lasting vasoconstriction where platelets release a chemical vasoconstrictor called serotonin. This maintains vascular spasm long enough for the other haemostatic mechanisms to come into play....
during cell differentiation the mTOR expression levels are upregulated on a posttranscriptional level, but no upregulation of mTOR kinase activity could be observed [192]. Another study performed in C2C12 cells demonstrated that mTOR mediated muscle cell differentiation did require its kinase activity ...
Microtubules are core components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton with essential roles in cell division, shaping, motility and intracellular transport. Despite their functional heterogeneity, microtubules have a highly conserved structure made from almost
In light of the severe spontaneous colitis exhibited by DKO mice, we next used an enteroid model of ex vivo epithelial regeneration26 to determine whether there was a cell-intrinsic defect in the epithelial cells that prohibited normal colonic morphogenesis. This was particularly important due to ...
While various clinical applications especially in oncology are now in progress such as diagnosis, prognosis, therapy monitoring, or patient follow-up, the determination of structural characteristics of cell-free circulating DNA (cirDNA) are still being researched. Nevertheless, some specific structures ha...