Development, structure, and function of a novel respiratory organ, the lung-air sac system of birds: to go where no other vertebrate has gone Among the air-breathing vertebrates, the avian respiratory apparatus, the lung-air sac system, is the most structurally complex and functionally efficient...
Maina JN. Development, structure, and function of a novel respiratory organ, the lung-air sac system of birds: to go where no other vertebrate has gone. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 81: 545-579, 2006.Maina JN. 2006. Development, structure, and function of a novel respiratory organ, the ...
The contributors to this book are world-renowned experts in their various fields of study. Special attention is given to the evolution, the structure, the function and the development of the lung-air sac system. Readers will not only discover the origin of birds but will also learn how the ...
As detailed above, CALT in humans and many species functions as an antigen-sampling and, along with its draining lymph nodes, an immune-inductive tissue. The nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and the LDALT also receive antigen after application to the conjunctival sac and serve as immune...
Sound.The tactile bristles on the cuticle and on the antennae respond to low-frequency vibrations but many insects have more specialized sound detectors in the form of a thin area of cuticle overlying a distended trachea or air sac and invested with sensory fibres. Such tympanal organs appear ...
The path followed by the inspired air in the lung–air sac system is now known to be controlled by a mechanism of aerodynamic valving and not by anatomical valves or sphincters, as was previously supposed. The structural strength of the air and blood capillaries is derived from: the ...
In humans, keratin forms the basic structural component of hair and nails. It is a very versatile material, however, and it also forms the claws of dogs and cats, the horns of cattle and rhinos, the feathers of birds, the scales of snakes, the baleen of whales, and a variety of other...
Birds were muted by rupturing the interclavicular air sac. They remained songless for about 2 weeks but could give all of their normal calls during this time. Two rounds of mutings were administered, each preceded and followed by time budget, playback and other observations on three treatment...
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Aegerolysins are encoded in the genomes of Dikarya fungi but are absent in some clades, e.g., Saccharomycotina [4]. Fungal genomes contain 949 protein sequences with the recognized aegerolysin domain PF06355 [12]. In 31,332 genomes in a bacterial database, there were 169 hits for ...