Birds have two sets of air sacs. One set has connections near the front of the lungs. The other set has connections to the back of the lungs. These are the anterior (cranial) air sacs, and the posterior (caudal) air sacs respectively. On inhalation both sets of sacs expand at the sam...
pneumatic bones, lungs, and especial air sacs that contribute to the complex bird’s makeup. Due to the reasons stated beforehand, researchers typically use various primitive geometries to represent the torso of the bird in numerical simulations. However, there are a few works in which the ...