In this context, vocabulary learning is possible if a learner uses the target word in different activities rather than limiting oneself to learning the target words’ meaning only. The fourth principle calls for learners’ exposure to the use of vocabulary learning strategies (Sӧkmen, 1997; ...
a crucial role in film formation, particularly at low speeds and under starved conditions by analyzing FTIR spectra of the grease, thickener, base oil and bled oil. Most researchers used bearing test apparatus [8,19,20,21] or ball-on-disk apparatus [22,23] to get thermo-mechanically aged ...
Variations of G′ and G″ with different shear stress and strain. a, b G1-SA9; c, d G3-SA7; and e, f G5-SA5 Full size image Furthermore, Fig. 2b, d, and f designates higher G′ than G″ values for all hydrogels, meaning that all the hydrogels were in solid-state with ...
Treating injured peripheral nerves is a complex challenge in clinical practice, affecting over a million individuals and diminishing their quality of life [1]. Although, injured peripheral nerves can regenerate, nerve gaps ≥ 5 mm (meaning a nerve gap that cannot improve without nerve conduits...
The hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass into simple sugars and subsequent fermentation to biofuels has a great meaning to energy and environmental benefits, thus attracting extensive attention of researchers [2,3,4]. The resistance of plant cell walls to enzymatic deconstruction largely results from ...
exploited the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism between the two to enhance PDT and photosensitizer fluorescence detection. It could be observed that the fluorescence emission of CDs in the 450–650 nm range overlaps with the absorption of Ce6 in the same range, meaning that ...
Vj and Vi were automatically calculated by original software. The meaning of the individual measured parameters is explained below in the description of Figs.2and3. After the photosynthetic parameters measurement, the above ground plant biomass was harvested for analyses of pigments, and for plant fr...
Hierarchical structure of bone ranging from macroscale skeleton to nanoscale collagen and HAP [171] Full size image Every implantable material must be biocompatible, meaning that inflammation or foreign body response should not occur in the living system and tissue. Calcium phosphates were discovered to...
In the coming years, AI has the potential to facilitate early detection of rare diseases, especially for patients who could not have easy access to experts. Most tools were intended for clinicians, meaning that the objective of these tools is to be used in clinical routine. To reach this goa...
In specific, 𝑅ESRRESR, meaning the combined resistance of ionic resistance of the electrolyte and surface resistance of active materials, is measured as 21.5 Ω in high-frequency region. Also, 𝑅CTRCT, corresponding to the resistance caused by the ionic reaction between the electrolyte and ...