In this context, vocabulary learning is possible if a learner uses the target word in different activities rather than limiting oneself to learning the target words’ meaning only. The fourth principle calls for learners’ exposure to the use of vocabulary learning strategies (Sӧkmen, 1997; ...
a crucial role in film formation, particularly at low speeds and under starved conditions by analyzing FTIR spectra of the grease, thickener, base oil and bled oil. Most researchers used bearing test apparatus [8,19,20,21] or ball-on-disk apparatus [22,23] to get thermo-mechanically aged ...
Variations of G′ and G″ with different shear stress and strain. a, b G1-SA9; c, d G3-SA7; and e, f G5-SA5 Full size image Furthermore, Fig. 2b, d, and f designates higher G′ than G″ values for all hydrogels, meaning that all the hydrogels were in solid-state with ...
Treating injured peripheral nerves is a complex challenge in clinical practice, affecting over a million individuals and diminishing their quality of life [1]. Although, injured peripheral nerves can regenerate, nerve gaps ≥ 5 mm (meaning a nerve gap that cannot improve without nerve conduits...
The results indicated that the nanoemulsion droplets were found in the nano range with an average size of 53.1 nm and PI value of 0.523 meaning an acceptable distribution of nanoemulsion droplets Fig. 4C. Fig. 4 Characterization of nanoemulsion loaded with ka and ZnO-NPs combination. (A) ...
The hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass into simple sugars and subsequent fermentation to biofuels has a great meaning to energy and environmental benefits, thus attracting extensive attention of researchers [2,3,4]. The resistance of plant cell walls to enzymatic deconstruction largely results from ...
So, before upcycling of the disposable PPE, its polymer type identification, thermal degradation property should be identified using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermo-gravimetric analysis. FTIR analysis The chemical structure determination is an important technique that can give us ...
Hierarchical structure of bone ranging from macroscale skeleton to nanoscale collagen and HAP [171] Full size image Every implantable material must be biocompatible, meaning that inflammation or foreign body response should not occur in the living system and tissue. Calcium phosphates were discovered to...
Vj and Vi were automatically calculated by original software. The meaning of the individual measured parameters is explained below in the description of Figs.2and3. After the photosynthetic parameters measurement, the above ground plant biomass was harvested for analyses of pigments, and for plant fr...
exploited the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism between the two to enhance PDT and photosensitizer fluorescence detection. It could be observed that the fluorescence emission of CDs in the 450–650 nm range overlaps with the absorption of Ce6 in the same range, meaning that ...