The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is an important region in motivation and reward. Glutamatergic inputs from the infralimbic cortex (ILC) to the shell region of the NAc (NAcSh) have been implicated in driving the motivation to seek reward through repeated action-based behavior. While this has primari...
Yeast is a common protein-producing host. Among microorganisms,S. cerevisiaeis a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) microorganism.S. cerevisiaehas a clear genetic background and an abundance of molecular biology tools that facilitate the design of strains. It is also well adapted to industrial pr...
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been extensively used in preclinical and clinical trials for treating various diseases. However, the differences between ADSCs from lean individuals (L-ADSCs) and those from obese individuals (O-ADSCs) have not bee
Cdk5 is a proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase that governs a variety of cellular processes in neurons, the dysregulation of which compromises normal brain function. The mechanisms underlying the modulation of Cdk5, its modes of action, and i
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of patients [2]. Guanylate binding protein 1 (GBP1) is the most concerned member of the GBP family, originally extracted from interferon (IFN)-induced human fibroblasts, has the unique features of binding with guanosine triphosphate (GTP), guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and guanosine monophosphate (...
Drought severely limits sunflower production especially at the seedling stage. To investigate the response mechanism of sunflowers to drought stress, we utilized two genotypes of sunflower materials with different drought resistances as test materials. T
Sponges (phylum Porifera) constantly interact with microbes. They graze on microbes from the water column by filter-feeding and they harbor symbiotic partners within their bodies. In experimental setups, sponges take up symbionts at lower rates compared
Signaling pathways allow cells to detect and respond to a wide variety of chemical (e.g. Ca2+ or chemokine proteins) and physical stimuli (e.g., sheer stress, light). Together, these pathways form an extensive communication network that regulates basic c
The extracellular domain interacts with natriuretic peptides and triggers the intracellular guanylyl cyclase domain to convert GTP to cGMP. To effectively develop methods to regulate pGC-A, structural information on the full-length form is needed. However, structural data on the transmembrane and ...