T-cell proliferation was assessed on day 5 as the percentage of CFSElow CD4+ T-cells (Fig. 2A). Using a 1:20 DC:T-cell ratio as previously reported [24], non-treated allogeneic moDCs induced a basal T-cell proliferation (43.5%) that was statistically increased upon exposure of moDCs...
Suspension culture of HSPCs For the suspension culture of CD34+ cells, an equal number of CFSE-stained CD34+ cells were plated in 6-well plates, corresponding to the amounts utilized in both the GelMA hydrogel co-culture and isolated CD34+ cell cultures. The cells were subsequently incubated ...
In the cytoplasm, PKM2 is normally present as a homotetramer that allows for the highly effective conversion of glucose to lactate, thus acting as a metabolite kinase. In contrast, the low activity homodimer form of PKM2 uses PEP as a phosphate donor to phosphorylate tyrosine residues, thereby ...
GNUV201 equally binds to human PD-1 and mouse PD-1, equally inhibits the binding of human PD-1/PD-L1 and mouse PD-1/PD-L1, and effectively suppresses tumor growth in syngeneic mouse models. The epitope of GNUV201 mapped to the “FG loop” of hPD-1, distinct from those of Keytruda...
Briefly, on the day of resection, samples were digested with papain. Acellular debris was removed and remaining cells were incubated in gliomasphere media (DMEM/F12 supplemented with B27, penicillin/ampicillin, heparin, EGF and bFGF) for several days until spheres began to form. Frozen stocks ...
After 72 h, cells were harvested and analyzed for diminished carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) stain by FACS. CFSE-stained, non-stimulated cells from a naïve mouse were used to define non-proliferating cells [50]. Proliferation assay To determine the effect of bezafibrate on T ...
early endosomes fuse to form late endosomes, resulting in the invagination of the endosomal membrane into the lumen to form intracellular vesicles (ILVs), which in turn form multivesicular bodies (MVBs) [26,27]. MVBs may fuse with lysosomes, which results in their degradation, or fuse with th...
Newly growing evidence highlights the essential role that epitranscriptomic marks play in the development of many cancers; however, little is known about the role and implications of altered epitranscriptome deposition in prostate cancer. Here, we show t
Our results reveal for the first time a mechanism that EPCs use to suppress immune cells, therefore, enabling them to form new immunosuppressive vessels. Furthermore, we have shown the importance of TNFα/TNFR2 axis in EPCs as an immune checkpoint pathway. We believe that targeting TNFR2 is ...
Moreover B cells isolated from DADA2 patients or HD have been cultured in co-culture with CD4+ T cells and in vitro B cell proliferation has been evaluated by CFSE dilution, whereas B cell differentiation and immunoglobulin secretion in response to TLR9 agonist and T cell help have been ...