3h). Consequently, the secretion of AZGP1 was restrained (Additional file 1: Fig. S3b). These results collectively demonstrate that AZGP1 with the higher molecular weight indeed represents the N-glycosylated form. As it is widely understood, secretory proteins undergo transportation to the ...
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic protein complex composed of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and the effector molecule caspase-1 [74]. In its inactive form, NLRP3 resides on the ER or in the cytosol, but appears ...
Briefly, the tRNA splicing nucleic acid endonuclease (TSEN) complex cleaves the intron-containing pre-tRNA at a typical bulge-helix-bulge (BHB) motif and then the resultant intron termini are joined by RtcB ligase to form a stable circRNA (Lu et al. 2015; Schmidt et al. 2019) (Fig. 1A...
These trans-spliced tRNAs are similar to pre-tRNAs containing canonical or noncanonical introns in that they form a BHB secondary structure at the exon-splicing junction, which is likely processed by a common endonuclease [6]. Although this finding was considered an exceptional process in an ...
Usually, CR involves a 20–50% reduction in energy intake while maintaining sufficient intake of essential vitamins and minerals.27 It can be achieved via chronic energy restriction, the most extreme form of which is short-term starvation (STS, corresponding to water-only fasting) or intermit...
(MET) phenotype and then form metastatic tumors. Similarly, CD24-CD44+breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) located at the tumor invasive frontier display a quiescent mesenchymal phenotype, while aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive (ALDH+) BCSCs distributed more centrally show a proliferative epithelial ...
Clinical use of ketones to treat CNS disorders has been ongoing for decades in the form of the ketogenic diet. This ketogenic diet is composed mainly of fats, and induces a decrease in blood sugar levels and an increase in ketone bodies via conversion of fatty acids in the liver. A ketogen...
It could be a side product of the native reductive carboxylation reaction to form ethylmalonyl-CoA, or it could be generated from isobutyryl-CoA via valine synthesis, or from metabolism of even-numbered fatty acids [37],[40]. However, regardless of the source, the rate of butyryl-CoA ...
form (Fig.2). This form was based on that of a Canadian qualitative study on the use of primary healthcare EHRs for research [14], and was revised by the authors during a working discussion. Indeed, this paper allowed us to extrapolate three parts of our form: technological infrastructure...
crispa Kunitz-type protease inhibitors are coded by the multigene superfamily and form a combinatorial library including HCGS, HCRG, HCGN, and HCGG peptide subfamilies [11]. The HCGS peptide subfamily and their evolutionary relationships were described in details previously [11,25]. Two sea ...