The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic protein complex composed of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and the effector molecule caspase-1 [74]. In its inactive form, NLRP3 resides on the ER or in the cytosol, but appears ...
truncated non-catalytic Trk B receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), we detect here, using a sensitive ribonuclease protection assay, mRNAs for both truncated (TrkB-T) and the full length catalytic (TrkB-fl) form of BDNF receptor in developing cortical astrocytes and neurons in ...
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited ID and a leading cause of ‘syndromic’ autism with ID [70]. FXS occurs in both sexes, but women are usually less affected than men because of compensation by the normalFMR1gene on the second X chromosome. This disorder is c...
Microscopically, the hair shaft takes on the form of “club hair,” which is identifiable by its distinctive crumpled, brush-like appearance at the base. Shedding is believed to be an active process influenced by specific signals that disrupt the adhesion of the club hair to surrounding ...
Pericytes and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are mural cells that wrap around brain capillaries and form arterial vessel walls, respectively. They play an essential role in vascular stability and CBF regulation [6]. CAA promotes the degeneration of endothelial cells, pericytes and SMCs and compromises ...
Several mechanistic pathways linking the gut microbiome to the pathophysiology of MDD have been proposed such as modulations of the (i) dopamine system, (ii) production of BDNF, (iii) autonomic nervous system, (iv), stress response, and (v) inflammation [18]. Yet, little is known about ...
P2X7R is the most abundant form of receptor in osteoclasts, and P2X7R mechanotransduction mediates not only osteoclast proliferation but also bone resorption, pain, and reduced mechanical sensitivity. The author suggests that blockage of the P2X3 receptor is a new therapeutic target for FD/MAS ...
Among the different types of NDs, Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, and spinal cord injury (SCI) are highly prevalent. AD, as the most common form of dementia, affects more than 50 million patients age 65 and older. In 2016, the ...
Copper on BP nanosheets is mainly in the form of Cu+ Full size image GBNs can also induce the behavior of neural cells. Graphene substrates have been shown to support neural cell adhesion, which in turn promotes cell reproduction [6]. Similarly, Wang et al. found that the number of ...
Similarly, the activity of the NT pathway, which is composed primarily of BDNF and its receptors and downstream genes, was increased. The upstream mediator BDNF was expressed mainly in EXNs in the TLE group, while its receptors were distributed predominantly among INNs and EXNs (Fig. 5F, Fig...