wish to benefit from the advantages of modern agricultural technology, they have to depend on the informal credit market as a means of financing. By taking Pakistan as an example, the importance of the informal credit market for financing the use of modern technology from the period of the '...
Formal credit is critical in agricultural production, allowing more expenditure and productive input, thereby improving farmers’ welfare. In pastoral China, formal financial institutions are gradually increasing. However, a limited understanding remains of how formal credit affects herders’ household expense...
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result is a diversity of both sources of expertise and ways of learning within the network that includes farmer and “expert” generated knowledge, and in-person and independent learning pathways. Using Rogers’ (2003) explanation of diffusion, formal networks can be considered a hybrid of centrali...
We propose a formal framework for interpretable machine learning. Combining elements from statistical learning, causal interventionism, and decision theory
We identified 121 studies relating to the formal and informal care of older adults’ networks. A variety of social ties were examined by included studies. The most commonly examined sources of care support were family members (such as children and spouses) and friends. Several factors were consis...
would also have been informed of this via 9 the practicum manual. Both sources caution a student about disciplinary consequences of a 10 failure to adhere to this code of ethics. Included in the code of ethics, is a counselor's quote – 11 "avoid imposing values that are ...
formal creditinformal creditrural ChinaBased on household survey data, this article shows that farmers' demand for credit in poor areas of rural China has increased significantly in recent years, and credits from various sources are used differently in production and consumption. For example, ...
entrench the actual sources of oppression (Kahn,2017; Murakawa,2014). Implementing pretrial risk assessments thus legitimizes preventative detention as the appropriate response to high-risk defendants and hinders efforts to promote less carceral alternatives (Green,2020)....
4. Theoretical framework: Capital perspective on the funds and sources of knowledge 5. Methodology 6. Findings 7. Discussion 8. Conclusion and recommendations CRediT authorship contribution statement Declaration of competing interest ReferencesShow full outline Cited by (1) Figures (2) Tables (1) Ta...