Assessment for Effective Intervention, 36(2), 94-106.Cummings, K. D., Kaminski, R. A., Good, R. H., & O'Neil, M. (2010). Assessing phonemic awareness in preschool and kindergarten: development and initial validation of First Sound Fluency. Assessment for Effective Intervention....
noun(n.) Discourse; fluency of speech or expression. noun(n.) Honorable discourse; eulogy. noun(n.) A language; the whole sum of words used by a particular nation; as, the English tongue. noun(n.) Speech; words or declarations only; -- opposed to thoughts or actions. ...
题目ㅤFluency is the rate at which the child reads.Fluent readers take note of things like question marks and adjust their voice.Their expression sounds natural,and their voice is not as flat as they read.Children who are fluent readers make their reading sound like talking...
Early studies in this field have shown that bilingual(双语的)kids can perform better under pressure.Young children can learn new languages with nearly perfect fluency(流利)and pronunciation.Praise good effort not intelligence.Your kids may be smart but you should mainly praise the effort they put ...
Students also completed two word reading fluency stories of the DIBELS (at levels gauged to correspond to the beginning and the end of Grade 1). As expected, students appeared to read more words from the beginning-of- year story than from the end-of-year story in general. H...
At an even more basic level, this edition translates Spanish to English—that is, it substitutes English for Spanish as a lingua franca and assumes only English fluency on the part of readers. Inevitably, this version does not attempt to exhaustively translate the African and Afro-Cuban idioms ...
356 children aged 5–6 years completed assessments of letter-sound knowledge, i.e. the names and sounds of uppercase and lowercase letters of the Norwegian alphabet. Each child was tested at the start, the middle and the end of the school year. The time that each child broke the reading...
Language researchers say pronunciation and fluency are the biggest barriers followed by grammar, ineffective spoken English. (18)However, most people don’t regard pronunciation as a very important part of communication skills. They’re more focused on vocabulary. One reason is that most people are...