Cummings, K.D., Kaminski, R.A., Good, R.H., & O'Neil, M. (2011). Assessing phonemic awareness in early kindergarten: Development and initial validation of first sound fluency (FSF). Assessment for Effective Intervention, 36(2), 94-106....
题目ㅤFluency is the rate at which the child reads.Fluent readers take note of things like question marks and adjust their voice.Their expression sounds natural,and their voice is not as flat as they read.Children who are fluent readers make their reading sound like talking...
By practicing identifying and decoding digraphs, students can improve their ability to accurately sound out and pronounce words, which in turn enhances their overall reading fluency and comprehension. Additionally, working on digraph worksheets can also help students develop phonemic awareness and expand ...
Language researchers say pronunciation and fluency are the biggest barriers followed by grammar, ineffective spoken English. (18)However, most people don’t regard pronunciation as a very important part of communication skills. They’re more focused on vocabulary. One reason is that most people are ...
Early studies in this field have shown that bilingual(双语的)kids can perform better under pressure.Young children can learn new languages with nearly perfect fluency(流利)and pronunciation.Praise good effort not intelligence.Your kids may be smart but you should mainly praise the effort they put ...
There was growth on English reading outcomes for both treatment and comparison groups over time for letter naming, letter-sound identifica- tion, phonemic awareness, nonword repetition, English oral language, word reading, fluency, and comprehension. These findings could be explained by...
Initial sound fluencyOral reading fluencyVocabularyKindergartenFirst gradeThe precursors of early English reading success have been widely studied for native English-speaking students, and those findings have been generalized to the English language learner (ELL) student population. However, the development ...