From 1858 to 1909 the government of India was an increasingly centralized paternal despotism and the world’s largest imperial bureaucracy. The Indian Councils Act of 1861 transformed the viceroy’s Executive Council into a miniature cabinet run on the portfolio system, and each of the five ordinar...
s strongest recommendations was to tighten the communication gap between shuttle managers and working engineers. In response to this impliedcriticismthat its quality-control measures had become slack, NASA added several more checkpoints in the shuttlebureaucracy, including a new NASA safety office and ...
Still, the darling of single-payer advocates has been gradually expanding its control over the medical care of seniors, children, and parents.The Medicare bureaucracy determines whether your care is "medically necessary." That means, h...
Similar to the rest of New England, New Hampshire leans socially liberal and is considered one of the least religious states in the nation. Despite its social liberalism, the state has a strong aversion to state taxation and bureaucracy. The state is currently governed by a Republican governor,...
Furthermore, intellectuals are needed to staff the bureaucracy and to “plan” the economy and society. […] In all societies, public opinion is determined by the intellectual classes, the opinion moulders of society. For most people neither originate nor disseminate ideas and concepts; on the ...
failed to achieve significant growth or to reduce its dependence on the country’s chief export, cane sugar. Economic decision-making power was concentrated in a centralizedbureaucracyheaded by Castro, who proved to be an inept economic manager. With inefficient industries and a stagnant agriculture,...
“racial” Germans were entitled to civil and political rights. Jews were reduced to subjects of the state. The Nürnberg Laws formally divided Germans and Jews, yet neither the word German nor the word Jew was defined. That task was left to thebureaucracy. Two basic categories were ...
“Trusty”) is so disgusted with his city’sbureaucracythat he persuades the birds to join him in building a new city that will be suspended in between heaven and earth; it is named Nephelokokkygia, translatable as “Cloud-cuckoo-land.” The city is built, and Peisthetaerus and his ...
The development of a state bureaucracy and the growth of the railroads and of commerce favored the formation of social groups with urban concerns, rarely linked to the landed oligarchy, and increasingly aware of their possible political roles. An active working class developed in the saltpeter ...
s colonization of Siberia. Colonizing forces had to either transport essentials from Russian lands in the west or import them from China and Korea. However, progress on building a railway was slow because of the Russianbureaucracyand because Siberia was not, at the time, considered commercially ...