Individuals experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood have a higher rate of inflammation-related diseases decades later. Little is known about the mechanisms linking early life experiences to the functioning of the immune system in adulthood. To address this, we explore the relationship across ...
Newborns inherit their mother's trait with probability 1 À m, where m is the rate of large mutations. If a large mutation happens, the newborn has a random uniformly distributed trait value; otherwise, its trait is randomly picked from a Gaussian distribution around the mother's trait, ...
Results. The post‐neonatal mortality rate of black (n = 50 765) infants was three times that of white (n = 50 690) infants: 10/1000 versus 3/1000, respectively. Thirty‐six percent of the white infants had none of the environmental risk factors, whereas only 13% of the black infants...
Photo: Merchant and philanthropist Nathan Straus and his wife set up their Pasteurized Milk Laboratory to provide safer milk to children in 1892 with the hope of reducing infant mortality and tuberculosis. This picture shows some of their staff and equipment. Photo by Bain News Service courtesy of...
Mutations can occur in different cells of the body and at different times during life. Some, such as those which occur in 'germ cells' (those which create sperm or eggs), cause changes which affect the offspring; those which occur in other cells can lead to tumours, but are not inherited...
First, it is possible that ecological or climatic factors cause sex-specific demographic change. Some ecological or climatic factors such as stress or disease may impact male infant mortality and sex ratio at birth7,8. However, such effects are small and cannot account for the 1:17 disparity4...
2021), diabetes, chronic liver disease, and homicide, as well as a higher rate of obesity than Whites (Dominguez et al. 2015). Other studies have also reported that, for certain diseases like heart failure, the mortality rate of the Hispanic population has converged in recent years towards ...