B cells are the immune cells involved in the production and release of antibodies, which are also referred to asimmunoglobulins. The fundamental structural unit of an immunoglobulin is a Y-shaped structure, i.e. two heavy chains and two light chains. Each of these chains consists of the varia...
In protein-energy malnutrition, there is a significant impairment of several aspects of immunity, including cell-mediated immune responses, secretory immunoglobulin A antibody production, phagocyte function, complement system, antibody affinity and cytokine production. Several micronutrients play a crucial ...
Making Sense of Ecosystem Production & Efficiency 19m Energy & Biomass Pyramids 16m Factors Impacting Primary Production 12m Biogeochemical Cycles 44m 53. Conservation Biology24m Conservation Biology 24m 41. Immune System Topic summary 1 concept ...
Apoptosis is considered a vital part of various processes including normal cell cycle, proper development and functioning of the immune system, embryonic development, and chemical-induced cell death. Apoptosis is a part of development as it is essential in the differentiation of a mass of tissue in...
Genetic and environmental determinants of human TCR repertoire diversity. Immun. Ageing 17, 26 (2020). Article Google Scholar Klein, S. L. & Flanagan, K. L. Sex differences in immune responses. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 16, 626–638 (2016). Article Google Scholar Castelo-Branco, C. & ...
Overview of Cancer 10m Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors 9m Carcinogens 6m Tumor Viruses 6m Metastasis and Cancer Spread 5m Cancer Treatment 6m 21. The Immune System1h 6m Worksheet 21. The Immune System Topic summary 1 concept Innate Immunity ...
On the other hand, antibodies bind to antigens with high specificity to recognize and neutralize them, hence playing an essential role in immune responses. However, when it comes to base pairing, what transpires is somewhat different from these interactions. Pairing occurs between complementary ...
Hypersensitivity reactions are destructive immune responses that occur when the immune system aggressively reacts to something benign that it perceives as foreign to the body. There are four kinds of hypersensitivities: hypersensitivity type I, hypersensitivity type II, hypersensitivity type III, and hyp...
54K The humoral immune response is one type of adaptive immunity that rids the human body of disease-causing organisms. This lesson describes the components and functions of humoral immunity and compares humoral immunity to the other type of adaptive immune responses called cellular immunity. Relate...
Fibrinoid necrosis: An immune response in the blood vessels leads to this type of necrosis. In fibrinoid necrosis, the blood vessels thicken causing the collagen to die first. These collagen fibers then fragment, leaving the remaining tissues with a fibrous appearance. ...