B cells are the immune cells involved in the production and release of antibodies, which are also referred to asimmunoglobulins. The fundamental structural unit of an immunoglobulin is a Y-shaped structure, i.e. two heavy chains and two light chains. Each of these chains consists of the varia...
Nonspecific defenses: Immune responses that generally target all foreign cells. Phagocytosis: The process by which one cell engulfs another cell. Plasma cell: A B cell that secretes antibodies. Proteins: Large molecules that are essential to the structure and functioning of all living cells. ...
21. The Immune System Topic summary Created using AI The innate immune response is the body's first line of defense against pathogens, comprising three main components: chemical and physical barriers,cellintrinsic responses, and phagocytic cells. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are recog...
Nevertheless, B-cell priming in neonates may lead to the generation of memory B cells. Similarly, neonatal cell-mediated immune responses are of lower potency than those generated in adults, and a key factor underlying this phenomenon may be a less effective interaction between antigen and ...
Making Sense of Ecosystem Production & Efficiency 19m Energy & Biomass Pyramids 16m Factors Impacting Primary Production 12m Biogeochemical Cycles 44m 53. Conservation Biology24m Conservation Biology 24m 41. Immune System Topic summary 1 concept ...
Apoptosis is also an essential part of the immune system as it clears the pathogen-specific immune cells once the foreign particle is removed from the body. This also helps to remove the immune cells that might react against the body’s cells and cause autoimmune diseases. ...
Hypersensitivity reactions are destructive immune responses that occur when the immune system aggressively reacts to something benign that it perceives as foreign to the body. There are four kinds of hypersensitivities: hypersensitivity type I, hypersensitivity type II, hypersensitivity type III, and hyp...
On the other hand, antibodies bind to antigens with high specificity to recognize and neutralize them, hence playing an essential role in immune responses. However, when it comes to base pairing, what transpires is somewhat different from these interactions. Pairing occurs between complementary ...
54K The humoral immune response is one type of adaptive immunity that rids the human body of disease-causing organisms. This lesson describes the components and functions of humoral immunity and compares humoral immunity to the other type of adaptive immune responses called cellular immunity. Relate...
Immune tolerance is a homeostatic state of the immune system in which the immune system does not respond to stimuli, foreign substances, and tissues that have the ability to activate the immune response in the organism. Immunological tolerance is due to preexposure to several antigens, in which...