T follicular helper cells (Tfh) are a CD4+ Th cell subset promoted the cognate control of antigen-specific B cell immunity. Upon first contact with antigen-primed B cells, Tfh can support either extrafollicularly differentiation into short-lived plasma cells (PC) or enter follicles to form ...
In addition, these isolated DCs can be exposed to antigens to stimulate a specific immune response when reintroduced into the animal. Treatments for cancers, such as Acute Myeloid Leukemia, and autoimmune diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, are also provided in the invention.Hubertus ...
Each of these mouse strains exhibit differences in human immune system cell development. For example, NSG mice support higher levels of HSC engraftment and T-cell development in comparison to RG mice. NSG mice also have increased HSC bone marrow engraftment in comparison to NOG mice29, 31. ...
In addition to pathogen-dependent variation, the innate immune response varies among individuals due to genetic diversity. For example, cytokine production capacity or cell-surface expression of markers used to identify leukocyte differentiation and activation are modulated by genetic variation2,3. The ...
For example, mannan-decorated nanovaccines, owing to their specific binding with mannose receptors on APCs, could effectively migrate to draining lymph nodes and be deeply delivered to CD8+ DCs to elicit robust antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune responses [15]. The spatial coordination ...
However, current understanding of the factors associated with the magnitude and long-term persistence of the cellular immune response and its relationship to clinical outcomes, humoral responses, and soluble markers of inflammation remain limited. Regardless of the development of long-term immunity, a ...
Also, TP53 is a well-known antigen recognized by antitumor immune response25. For example, Kim et al., sequenced the entire exome in 163 patients with solid metastatic cancers, identified 78 who had missense mutations in TP53 and, through immunological screening, identified 21 unique T cell ...
As P. infestans is not known to have an innate immune response, it will be interested to address the function of its IRAK proteins. Interestingly, no IRAK-like proteins are detected in T. pseudonana, P. falciparum, or P. tetraurelia. The most striking feature of the TKL family in P. ...
The use of plasmid DNA as DNA vaccine is a relatively recent approach in the vaccinology field that overcomes many of the problems associated with conventional immunization; for example, the potential danger due to the production and distribution of live vaccine virus. In addition, the proteins exp...
This validates the early epithelial response to SARS-CoV-2 in our in vitro model. However, we acknowledge differences between the in vitro models and patient responses. For example, basaloid-like 2 cells are far less abundant in vivo, as has been reported32, which may be due to the site ...