After a brief summary of some basic properties of ideal gases of bosons and of fermions, two many-body Hamiltonians are cited for which ground-state wave functions allow the generation of excited states. Because of the complexity of ground-state many-body wave functions, we then consider ...
Fermions can inhabit one of two states, either spin up or spin down. The Pauli Exclusion Principle does not apply to bosons, which have integer spins of 0, ±1, or ±2. Bosons are force-carrying particles like photons and the now-famous Higgs Boson. A table for referencing particles ...
Electrons and all fermions have half-integer spins while all bosons have integer spins.What is Electron Spin? Think about the classical picture of an atom: a cloud of protons and electrons orbits a neutral center called a nucleus. Protons and electrons have an extrinsic angular momentum and an...
At thequantumlevel the interactions of fermions occur through the emission and absorption of the field particles associated with thefundamental interactionsof matter, in particular the electromagnetic force, thestrong force, and theweak force. The basic interaction therefore appears on a Feynman diagram ...
Such particles have integer values of spin and are named bosons, after the statistics that correctly describe their behaviour. (Particles that obey Fermi-Dirac statistics have half-integer values of spin and are called fermions.)The Editors of Encyclopaedia BritannicaThis article was most recently ...
From these, I have realised how the Uncertainty Principle brings an element of unpredictability into science, which adds mysterious new dimensions to Physics. Interactions among Fermions and Baryons with the exchange of Bosons as well as the prediction of the existence of Higgs Boson intrigue me. ...
Canonical coherent states are defined by unitary transformations of a fixed, fiducial vector. While Gaussian vectors are commonly used as fiducial vectors, they cannot be used for all systems. We focus on choosing fiducial vectors for several systems including bosons, fermions, and anyons....
Canonical coherent states are defined by unitary transformations of a fixed, fiducial vector. While Gaussian vectors are commonly used as fiducial vectors, they cannot be used for all systems. We focus on choosing fiducial vectors for several systems including bosons, fermions and anyons.Adorno...
bosonsfermionsfield theoryinteractionslee modelmathematicsparticle modelsquantum mechanicsThe model of the boson field interacting with a fixed fermion field and the Lee model are used to illustrate the asymptotic behavior of the field operators. The fading of the canonical commutation relations is a ...
Canonical coherent states are defined by unitary transformations of a fixed, fiducial vector. While Gaussian vectors are commonly used as fiducial vectors, they cannot be used for all systems. We focus on choosing fiducial vectors for several systems including bosons, fermions and anyons....