The atoms oscillate around their equilibrium positions in the lattice, and these oscillations may to a first approximation be represented by a set of coupled harmonic oscillators. In this chapter we shall see how the quantum theory of a single harmonic oscillator is used to explain the magnitude ...
It is commonly believed that there are only two types of particle exchange statistics in quantum mechanics, fermions and bosons, with the exception of anyons in two dimensions1,2,3,4,5. In principle, a second exception known as parastatistics, which extends outside two dimensions, has been c...
Weinberg'sThe Quantum Theory of Fieldsvolume 1 and having some trouble understanding one of his arguments after eq. (4.1.2) from section 4.1 titledBosons and Fermions. Under exchange of identical species of particles (labelled bynn) with respective 3-momentap,p′p,p′and spinσ,σ′σ,σ′...
We study the expansion and the collective excitations of a Bose-Einstein condensate in the lattice, showing how the dynamics is governed by a tunable effective mass. We then study the dipolar oscillations of a Fermi gas along the lattice, which reveal band-structure effects. The comparison with...
Excited states of bosons and fermions in a four-Fermi quantum field theory ☆Theoretical or Mathematical/ bosonsfermionsGreen's function methodsquantum field theory/ boson trajectoriesfermions bound statesfermion excited statesscalar-pseudoscalar four-Fermi quantum field model...
In the following we derive a non-linear Fokker-Planck equation in the momentum space, and a non-linear Kramers-Chandrasekhar equation in the μ space for semiclassical fermions and bosons. The medium is still represented by a Gaussian random process, but the transition probabilities are so altered...
International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy and Institute of Nuclear Research, Warsaw, PolandShow moreShow less Choose an option to locate/access this article: Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institutionCheck access Purchase $35.95 ...
In particle physics, particles are classified into two types based on the values of their spin. These two types are called fermions and bosons respectively. Examples of fermions are electrons, protons, neutrons, etc. Examples of bosons are photons, gluons, Higgs bosons, e...
The theory of electro-weak interactions that implies the Z bosons and fermions can be developed by taking into consideration in the lagrangean density the interaction term with the usual electrodynamic coupling −J μ Aμ where the current repre- sents the neutral current. It is known that ...
Reprints and permissions About this article Cite this article Kálnay, A.J., Kademova, K.V. Observables and transformation properties of fermions and parafermions constructed in terms of bosons. I. The physical variables. Int J Theor Phys 12, 141–143 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01...