The antibodies induce cytotoxic reactions when they adhere to antigens on the surface of healthy cells in the body and flag them for destruction by aggressive effector cells. Type II hypersensitivity reactions are known as antibody-dependent cytotoxicity reactions because IgG and IgM antibodies bind ...
These cells respond to the detected change in the environment by relaying the information to the control center for processing, or directly to a particular target effector. Processing in the control center entails deliberation and determination of the appropriate response to the relayed stimuli. Then,...
that's a different B cell. So they're super specific, and that means we need a ton of them, a ton of diversity. But B cells need to also work correctly, and they don't need to attack the host. So this is a property called self tolerance, which just means that the B cell ...
Type IVhypersensitivity reactions are T cell-mediated and can be subdivided into three groups. In the first group, tissue damage is caused by the activation of macro-phages by TH1 cells, which results in an inflammatory response. In the second, damage is caused by the activation by TH2 cells...
Spontaneous generation. It suggests the following tenets: (1) All living things are made up of one or more cells, (2) the cell is the structural and functional unit, (3) cells come from a pre-existing process of division, (4) all cells have the same chemical composition, and (5) ...
In the case of changes in body temperature, the group of cells in the hypothalamus of the brain acts as the control unit. 4. Counteract on the stimulus As the final step of the loop, the control unit sends out signals to nullify the effects causing changes in the physiological factors. ...
and polysaccharides. The phospholipid bilayer prevents all water soluble substances from crossing the plasma membrane. Membrane proteins are responsible for regulating the entry/exit of vital materials and anchor cells together. Cholesterol regulates the fluidity of the membrane. Polysaccharides acts as rece...
Improper regulation of the body leads to disruption in the mechanisms causing risk in survival. The homeostasis mechanism depends upon receptor cells...Become a member and unlock all Study Answers Start today. Try it now Create an account Ask a question Our experts can answer your tough ...
All cells are able to sense and respond to substances present in their external environments. For example, motile bacteria will move toward a source of sugar but away from a toxic chemical such as phenol. Cells are not only able to sense chemical substances in their environments, but also ...
Supporting the importance of these features of integrin β1 recycling for cell motility, we found that integrin β1-dependent cell motility requires the activation of Arf6 and its actin effector function.; Finally, we investigated how stimulation might induce integrin β1 recycling. We found that ...