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but in cephalopods (such as octopus and squid), the ganglia have burgeoned into textured nervous centers of great complexity; those of the octopus contain more than 160 million cells. Sense organs, too, are highly developed. Consequently, cephalopod behavior far outstrips that of any other invert...
Our analysis suggests that substantial expansion of a handful of gene families, along with extensive remodelling of gen- ome linkage and repetitive content, played a critical role in the evolution of cephalopod morphological innovations, including their large and complex nervous systems. Soft-bodied ...
This article provides a general overview of the various processes that play a role in the evolution of complex biological systems. The classic exemplars of organ complexity, eyes, are then used as a case study to illustrate these general mechanisms. Although it is not possible to deliver a comp...
Coleoids (octopus, cuttlefish and squid) are a group of shell﹍ess cephalopods and exhibit remarkable indicators of intelligence, namely complex nervous systems and flexible behavioural repertoires. In contrast to the most established model groups for studying intelligence (e.g. primates, corvids, ...
Nautilus is the sole surviving externally shelled cephalopod from the Palaeozoic. It is unique within cephalopod genealogy and critical to understanding the evolutionary novelties of cephalopods. Here, we present a complete Nautilus pompilius genome as a fundamental genomic reference on cephalopod innovations...
Second, using molecular evolutionary (dN/dS) analysis to detect positive selection in the cephalopod lineage, we identified 156 of these genes in which functions appeared to have changed after the divergence of cephalopods from the molluscan ancestor and which contributed to structural and functional ...
(Fig.3) that several species (arthropods and mollusks) have a single clade I globin that may represent the unduplicated descendants of the stem globin. Few species have completely lost the clade I (only the annelidHelobdellaand the cephalopodOctopus). This may reflect the initial functional ...
[8,9]. This is facilitated not only by the possession of a highly developed nervous system but particularly due to their advanced oxygen supply system. The cephalopod oxygen supply system is powered by three hearts, which push blood containing the oxygen carrier haemocyanin through their closed ...
Cephalopods are known for their large nervous systems, complex behaviors and morphological innovations. To investigate the genomic underpinnings of these features, we assembled the chromosomes of the Boston market squid, Doryteuthis (Loligo) pealeii, and