or state aid to politically connected companies… If it weren’t for the pressure of the European Commission in the late 1980s, it is fanciful to think that Italy or France would have just given up state ownership of utilities, banks, or their industrial giants. …Conversely, the...
In 1980, less than 50 percent of goods were transported by road. This rose to more than 75 percent by 2018.10 The decline in freight rail can be attributed to three factors: a loss or decline of key customer industries, the withdrawal of railways from providing various unprofitable service...
Global information infrastructures, such as the ones used by the running experiment or others used by the community, such as INSPIRE, may be beneficial for the robust preservation process. Care has to be taken to make sure that the technology chosen is kept alive or can be migrated to keep ...
But the fact that their feedback won't be transferred could draw the ire of Yahoo sellers. Generally determined by subtracting negative feedback comments from positive ones, feedback ratings help to establish trust in online auctions, where buyers and sellers seldom meet outside of the online au...
The trajectories that bridge the transformation from current welfare models to future ones. Our approach to future welfare models results from the combination of the two main sets of parameters (see Fig.1): (1) the basic parameters of future welfare models and (2) the factors shaping future ...
Scientific Reports volume 9, Article number: 1675 (2019) Cite this article 4460 Accesses 17 Altmetric Metrics details Abstract The Neoproterozoic Era was characterized by rapidly changing paleogeography, global climate changes and especially by the rise and fall of the Ediacaran macro-biota. The ...
During the 1980s there was VCR technology for playing taped videos, thereafter, with digitalization of content, new technologies sequentially came and was also got replaced by newer ones: like CD player first was replaced with DVD player, which is now taken over by online streaming channels (...
As exposed in the introduction, European social democrats started to identify in an explicit way with the Europeanist discourse during the 1980s, when the integration process was being relaunched through the single market initiative. To a large extent, such a revitalization of the integration project...
The Rotterdam Study was designed in the mid-1980s as a response to the demographic changes worldwide that were leading to an increase of the proportion of elderly people [1]. It was clear that this would result in a dramatic increase in the number of persons living with chronic diseases, ...
“Golden Age” between 1950 and 1970, Europeans have been drifting to the opposite but equally questionable extreme. In the 1960s, the French worked the longest hours among advanced countries. By the 1980s, they worked about as long as Americans. By 2000, they worked about 300 fewer hours ...