diabetes mellitusetiologygestational diabetesMODYtype 1 diabetestype 2 diabetesThe defining characteristics of diabetes, irrespective of the precise etiology, relate to the presence of hyperglycemia. The America
Type I diabetes is a heterogeneous disorder and the causes of pancreatic beta-cell destruction are unknown. In 1-2% of all cases, viruses (e.g. coxsackie, rubella, mumps, or beta-cell poisons) have been implicated. Twin studies suggest at most 50% of genetic predisposition. In this review...
Diabetes is a chronic disease that exists in multiple forms, including type I, type II, and gestational, all of which differ from each other in particular ways, including causes, onset, and symptoms.Answer and Explanation: The etiology, or the cause, of type II diabetes is has been well-...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, and excessive or inappropriate glucagon secretion. Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes is associated with an array of...
In people with diabetes mellitus, the Charcot foot is a specific manifestation of peripheral neuropathy that may involve autonomic neuropathy with high blood flow to the foot, leading to increased bone resorption. It may also involve peripheral somatic polyneuropathy with loss of protective sensation ...
Skeletal fractures can result when there are co-morbid conditions that negatively impact bone strength. Fractures represent an important source of morbidity and mortality, especially in older populations. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that ha
Fig. 2. The pathophysiology of insulin and its associated biochemical conditions in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Abbreviations: KATP: adenosine triphosphate sensitive potassium; K: potassium; Ca2+: Calcium2+ ions; PI3Ks: Phosphoinositide 3-kinases; GLUT4: Glucose transporter type 4. There will be a...
environmental and lifestyle factors can promote systemic chronic inflammation (SCI) that can, in turn, lead to several diseases that collectively represent the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, non-alc...
Insulin resistance Oxidative stress Type 2 diabetes Obesity Antioxidants Adipokines Insulin resistance is a pandemic problem that does not discriminate between demographic factors, including socioeconomics and ethnicity [1]. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a consequence of insulin resistance, is a metabolic disea...
There are three types of common diabetes: type one, type two and gestational diabetes. Type one diabetes occurs because your body does not make insulin. Type two diabetes occurs when your body does not make or use insulin well. It is the more prevalent of the three types. Gestational ...