mechanism is tamed, and the reducing power (NADPH) and energy (ATP) acquired from the photosynthetic water splitting and proton gradient-coupled electron transport process are used for immediate synthesis of ethanol (CH 3 CH 2 OH) directly from carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water (H 2 O). ...
mechanism is tamed, and the reducing power (NADPH) and energy (ATP) acquired from the photosynthetic water splitting and proton gradient-coupled electron transport process are used for immediate synthesis of ethanol (CH 3 CH 2 OH) directly from carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water (H 2 O). ...
acetic acid accumulates within AAB cells and cannot be expelled. This acetic acid efflux system, termed the PMF-efflux pump, functions via a proton motive force-driven mechanism and operates independently of ATP [25]. AAB converts ethanol to acetic acid via ADH and ALDH, generating...
A reflux condenser at the top of the stirred-tank reactors operated at 2 °C was used to minimize evaporation of water and alcohols from the bioreactors. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1. CO-Inhibition Studies with C. kluyveri in Stirred-Tank Reactors The CO sensitivity of C. kluyveri was ...
The adsorption isotherms of acetylene, ethylene, and carbon dioxide highlight acetylene's significantly greater adsorption capacity compared to ethylene and carbon dioxide. The separation process was definitively confirmed through groundbreaking experiments, underscoring its potential for separating C2H2/CO2 and...
2 pyruvate+2 ATP+2 NADH+2 H+ For glycolysis to continue, the NAD+consumed by glycolysis must be regenerated by the oxidation of NADH. During oxidative metabolism, NADH typically is oxidized by donating hydrogen equivalents via a series of steps to oxygen, thereby forming water. Most organisms...
the bacterial FBPase fromEscherichia colithat is insensitive to fructose-2,6-biphosphate inhibition was constitutively expressed in yeast [127,164]. The resulting recombinant strain exhibited a threefold increase in FBPase activity, a 30% reduced intracellular ATP level and up to 9% increase of etha...
Ethanol is made from corn and other plant matter. Ethanol more generally is made from the molecule glucose, which exists in starches of all kinds and is the main form of energy used by all living cells. One molecule of glucose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide under the influence ...
Cell pellets from experimental cultures were resuspended in 7:3 methanol:water containing 18% (w/v) potassium hydroxide, 0.1% (w/v) pyrogallol and 10 μg cholesterol (as the internal standard), and heated at 90°C for 2 h. Non-saponifiable lipids (squalene and sterols) were extracted int...
Renewable biofuels are the obvious alternatives to fossil fuels in order to promote sustainable development of the economy and society as well as to reduce carbon dioxide emission [1]. The first generation of biofuels was produced from terrestrial crops such as corn, sugarcane, and rapeseed [2, ...