To a large extent, this question hinges on the definition of what constitutes normal aging. Substantial progress on thebiochemistryof aging of thenormal humanlens has provided a platform for understanding those aspects that may be the preconditions responsible for subsequent ARNC. It is now clear th...
To paraphrase the definition laid out by Last and colleagues, epidemiology is “the study of the distribution and causes of the frequency of diseases and health-related states in human populations”[1]. The fundamental aim of epidemiology research is to establish a relationship between an exposure...
computed using a “null” raster (i.e., a uniform raster with a value of “1” assigned to all cells). As detailed in the Methods section, two alternative path models were used to compute these environmentally scaled distances: the least-cost path model34and a model based on circuit the...
the manual definition of target-variable rules. This preparatory work is depending on the number of target variables, whereas the work saved by automating depends on the number of datasets processed. These benchmark data have to be weighted carefully to decide whether this approach is economic. ...
(pre-transition) threshold values. These trends are generally asymmetric about both transitions; this can be seen in Fig.4, where post-transition trends do not exhibit similarly detectable warnings (if any). This Parametrisation applies to model V2. The corresponding parametrisations and contour ...
Interestingly, having pre-existing, but not currently active, PD was also strongly associated with increased odds of daily smoking to ND transition (OR 5.8 (3.0 to 11.6)). No associations existed between odds of smoking persistence and any pre-existing AD. Koenen et al. [36] utilized data ...
agoraphobia, specific phobia, SP and PTSD. Interestingly, having pre-existing, but not currently active, PD was also strongly associated with increased odds of daily smoking to ND transition (OR 5.8 (3.0 to 11.6)). No associations existed between odds of smoking persistence and any pre-existing...
one step closer to their integration under a unified mechanistic framework. The definition of vaccine efficacy is also more directly interpretable in such a transmission model, reflecting the relative measure of reduced susceptibility to VT acquisition per vaccinated individual, when compared to a non-...
The three weeks before and after calving are called the “transition period” [1,2], during which dramatic changes occur in the cows. This means that the fetus grows significantly in the three weeks before calving, and after calving, more energy is required for milk synthesis. At this time...
agoraphobia, specific phobia, SP and PTSD. Interestingly, having pre-existing, but not currently active, PD was also strongly associated with increased odds of daily smoking to ND transition (OR 5.8 (3.0 to 11.6)). No associations existed between odds of smoking persistence and any pre-existing...