Efficient Lewis acid catalysis of an abiological reaction in a de novo protein scaffold A de novo designed zinc-binding protein has been converted into a highly active, stereoselective catalyst for a hetero-Diels–Alder reaction. Design and directed evolution were used to effectively harness Lewis...
Synopsis A large number of different enzymes are used in DNA cloning procedures. DNA ligase is used to join two DNA molecules covalently, the key step in constructing a recombinant plasmid from a cloning vector and a DNA insert. The ends of DNA molecules can be modified to allow or prevent...
In the first half-reaction, ATP is used to activate the carboxylic acid substrate (1.1), releasing pyrophosphate and forming a reactive acyl-AMP intermediate (1.2) (Fig. 1). Importantly, in the context of inhibitor design, this acyl-AMP intermediate generally remains tightly bound to the ...
Cytidine deaminase is an enzyme that converts C-to-U through a hydrolytic deamination reaction (Fig.3). It is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems and has the ability to deaminate cytidine in both DNA and RNA. APOBECs, a class of enzymes that perform cytidine deamination, include...
This latter issue is critical as there are now emerging therapeutic entities either in preclinical or early phase trials testing modulators of the UPS [109]. Such interventions could conceivably be used as novel therapeutic strategies for inflammation, cell survival, or neoplasia through altering ...
Then, 880 μL L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as the substrate in the same buffer was added to start the reaction. The increase in absorbance at 475 nm was monitored with the spectrophotometer. Kojic acid was used as a positive control. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was calculated...
To enable progress in this area, methods to rapidly identify and characterize antibiotic resistance conferring enzymes are required. Results We have constructed a sensitive reporter system in Escherichia coli that can be used to detect and characterize the activity of enzymes that act upon the ...
IgA is the predominant immunoglobulin isotype in mucosal tissues and external , playing important roles both in defense against pathogens and in maintenance of commensal . Considering the complexity of its interactions with the surrounding environment, IgA is a likely target for diversifying or positive...
Herein, we report an integrated next generation multi-catalytic system, merging nitrile hydratase enzymes with a Cu-catalysed N-arylation reaction in a single reaction vessel, for the construction of ubiquitous amide bonds. This synergistic one-pot combination of chemo- and biocatalysis provides an ...
Enzymes, the proteinaceous biocatalysts produced by living organisms, have various superior properties relative to the inorganic catalysts that are often used in the chemical industry1,2,3. The advantages of enzymes include their (1) high rate of catalytic reaction, (2) high enantioselectivity that ...