It is commonly accepted that UHECRs are produced either via the Fermi mechanism, i.e., where charged particles could be accelerated by clouds of magnetized gas moving within our Galaxy, or by magnetic reconnection, since it is particularly important in the magnetically dominated region of the ...
Galactic cosmic rays refer to high-energy charged particles produced outside the solar system. During the long flight, the galactic cosmic rays are deflected by the galactic magnetic field and the interplanetary magnetic field and the solar wind, and the direction of the detected cosmic rays is ...
Two NADH molecules are also produced; these molecules serve as electron carriers for other biochemical reactions in the cell. Glycolysis is an ancient, major ATP-producing pathway that occurs in almost all cells, eukaryotes and prokaryotes alike. This process, which is also known as fermentation, ...
Nevertheless, it can be produced inside a reactor by neutron (n) activation of lithium (Li), the other raw material for fusion found in brines, minerals, and clays. Because of the abundance of fusion fuel, the amount of energy that can be released in controlled fusion reactions is ...
To measure dominant electron environments that govern the structures of the inner magnetosphere where high-energy electrons are produced, To identify source electrons for plasma waves that can accelerate medium-energy electrons up to an MeV range by wave–particle interactions, To observe loss cone fil...
2a). This method was initiated to correctly print the small square holes inside the cubes and reduce the number of surfaces inclined to the build plate. It was demonstrated that the development of staircases and the attachment of the powder particles were two mechanisms that considerably increased...
the density of matter inside the neutron (and proton) reaches a fantastic value of 2*1014g/cm3. A neutron is detected by the products of its interaction with nuclei and other elementary particles (especially with protons-hydrogen nuclei). The neutron is unstable and spontaneously with a period...
In Ref.15, it is proposed from nuclear physics that neutrinos and anti-neutrino pair at low energies can be formed during inelastic collisions of particles (electrons, ions, neutral atoms) during their thermal motion. Temperatures known to be produced in cavitation processes may exceed the calculat...
The coincidence energy spectrum was calculated as the weighted sum of the β− spectra shifted by the energy deposited due to the electromagnetic cascade interactions in the source crystal during the 176Lu decay, plus the weighted contribution of photopeaks produced by the photoelectric absorption co...
Some of the active galactic nuclei have enormous relativistic jets. High-energy cosmic particle produced by the jets are ejected into space at the speed of light. This can explain the spectrum and composition of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays. Also, it can account for unresolved phenomena found on...