It should be noted that an optimized hydraulic layout will be adopted for the scaled-up version of the Ocean Battery in which the number of energy-dissipating bends and fittings can be minimized since more internal space will be available to utilize; however, the layout of both the prototype ...
Two types of polymers were used: sodium Carboxymethylecellulose (CMC) and Polyacrylamide (PAM). The types of fittings used were sudden enlargements, sudden contractions, tee, elbows and bends. They are made of PVC. The tests were conducted in closed circuit in which polymer solution was ...
Other pipe fittings, such as valves, orifice plates and bends, produce varying values of head loss, usually quoted as a fraction of the velocity head (v2/2g). (d) Pipe networks A system of pipes may be joined together either in series (one after the other) or parallel (all between the...
In the case of gases (air) and fan systems it is meaured in inches of water. Atmospheric Air Pressure The term "air" when referred to in comfort air-conditioning consists of water vapor and dry air (DA) which consists of the rest of gases in the mixture of gases. Steam (water, H2O...
Pipe insulations include fibrous glass, urethane, elastomerics, phenolic foam, calcium silicate and magnesia. Properties include density and thermal conductivity at different temperatures. Pipe Fittings and Valves Fittings are piping components that create dynamic pressure losses in the network. Loss calculat...
The 3 Types of Energy Efficiency Losses in Water Heating NOTE: Comments are moderated. Your comment will not appear below until approved. 2021-10-19 at 2:24 pm 2021-10-19 at 2:39 pm Sean @ SLSCBS 2021-10-22 at 6:35 am https://thehtrc.com/2013/fix-a-leak-with-watersense-program...
7. The heat exchange system of claim 1 wherein the open-flow plates reduce pressure losses in the flow of the working fluid due to the absence of nozzles and/or non-working fluid penetrations through the plate. 8. The heat exchange system of claim 1 wherein the flow path of the work...
Modifications in the current water delivery system such as replacement of short radius bends with long radius bends, removing the nipple at the delivery side, and use of good quality material and fittings can further increase the discharge rate and efficiency (Sikka and Bhatnagar, 2006; Staub, ...
Although the Reynolds Number was found to fall to a low value indicative of laminar flow conditions, given the bends, valves, fittings etc. in the circuit, it is doubtful whether completely laminar conditions would occur. We therefore suggest that both the experimental conditions and the model ...
The equipment/components with the most significant possibility of intervention in order to reduce energy losses are the electric motor and the centrifugal pump [17], as they are the equipment that presents the highest losses in a pumping system.Table 1presents the description of the components in...