LET is defined as the ratio of energy transferred by a charged particle (dElocal) to the target atoms along its path through tissue (dx). In other words, LET is a measure of the density of ionizations along a radiation beam. Higher LET radiations (particles: alpha particles, protons, an...
The Coulomb term describes the electromagnetic interaction and reflects the charge density of the nucleus. It can be taken in a simple form Z2∕A1∕3 derived as the sum of the repulsive interactions between the protons with the 1∕A1∕3 dependency due to the 1∕r range of the Coulomb ...
2) energy flow density 能流密度 1. Research on the problem of radiation in anisotropic magnetic medium, the author derives a general formula for radiation energy flow density of magnetic dipole radiation in anisotropic medium with tensor form. 对各向异性媒质中辐射问题的研究 ,求出磁偶极在各向...
The energy of molecular orbitals is determined by the energies of the atomic orbitals involved in their production. For example, the energies of molecular orbitals formed by combination 2s atomic orbitals will be higher than the energies of molecular orbitals formed by combination 1s atomic orbitals....
Compared with the same line produced by a low-density gas, the line produced by the higher-density gas will appear (A) the same (B) more highly polarized (C) broader (D) shifted toward the blue end of the spectrum (E) split into a doublet 解:由能量—时间测不准关系, ...
The result is the absorption cross section of such an obstacle as a function of the free cross section and the number A of the individual spheres and of packing density. It is found that the usual rare-gas formula represents the cross section adequately. The analysis is applied to nuclear ...
Iron fluoride, an intercalation-conversion cathode for lithium ion batteries, promises a high theoretical energy density of 1922 Wh kg–1. However, poor electrochemical reversibility due to repeated breaking/reformation of metal fluoride bonds pose
application in cancer therapy would require the delivery of high energy protons (60–250 MeV)2,3,4with narrow energy spread and sufficient particle flux at significant distances from the interaction targets, so that the extraneous radiation produced during the intense laser interaction can be shielded...
\max }\)from the experimental spectra, provided that they were recorded under conditions where the wavelength-independence of the cut-off is observed, which is the case here (Fig.2c,d). The orange symbols in Fig.4dshow that\({l}_{\max }\)also scales linearly with the inverse density....
These are therefore systems that can be “batteryless” in which the energy collection or recuperation processes required for use are taken from external sources in infinitesimal quantities and then stored to serve as the autonomous function of devices. ...