doi:10.1006/fmic.1994.1018M.A. GondaS.E. FongG.J. TobinFood MicrobiologyGonda, M. A., Fong, S. Z. andTobin, G. J. (1994) Bovine immuno-deficiency virus: emerging biology of a nonacute pathogenic leutivirus of cattle. Food Microbial. 11, 000-000....
The ancestors of smallpox virus and malaria parasites, for example, probably became human pathogens 10 000 years ago when humans began to domesticate animals in settlements that were large enough to sustain human-to-human transmission. In recent times the AIDS virus, one of the most destructive ...
Influenza viruses are enveloped negative strand RNA viruses and belong to the genusOrthomyxoviridae(Taubenberger2005). The virus of the Spanish flu pandemic belongs to the type A influenza, known as H1N1. Influenza A and B viruses contain eight discrete gene segments, coding for at least one prot...
monkeypox, hantavirus, Nipah virus, and filoviruses) or livestock (e.g., vCJD). Factors promoting the spread of these infections in humans are contacts with wildlife, mass food production of animal origin, and globalization (migration, transportation of goods and vectors) (see Fig.3.2). ...
NPC etiology is clearly linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection [211] and the immune response to the EBV infection appears to bear a strong influence in both the natural history of the disease and response to therapy [207, 212–218]. A recent observation linked elevated VEGF secretion ...
Building human organs in a dish has been a long term goal of researchers in pursue of physiologically relevant models of human disease and for replacement of worn out and diseased organs. The liver has been an organ of interest for its central role in re
An important clinical sequel has surfaced in survivors, termed the ‘post-Ebola virus disease syndrome’. This commonly manifests with ocular disease (60%), and may be accompanied by arthritis, hearing loss, abdominal pain and neuropsychiatric disorders as well as viral persistence in immune-privil...
IL-27 consists of two subunits: IL27p28 and Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3). IL-27 binds to its receptor, which is composed of glycoprotein 130 (gp130) and IL-27RA. IL-27 has an immunoregulatory effect. It can upregulate the inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors and downregulat...
These unnatural and extremely large pools of water provide ample breeding ground for mosquitoes, which carry diseases like malaria and West Nile virus. Rain also leaves behind smaller pools of water, and you may have noticed that a few days after a good thunderstorm, there seems to be a lot...
HBV Hepatitis B virus HCV Hepatitis C virus HIV Human immunodeficiency virus HPV Human papilloma virus HSV-1 Herpes simplex virus type-1 HSV-2 Herpes simplex virus type-2 MERS-CoV Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus NA Neuraminidase NIV Nipah virus ORFs Open reading frames PCR Polymerase ...