Reduce embodied carbon of concreteIn recent years, the research direction is shifted toward introducing new supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in lieu of in place of Portland cement (PC) in concrete as its production emits a lot of toxic gases in the atmosphere which causes environmental ...
The results showed that steel concrete produced fewer CEs per unit area. Dezhi et al. (2015) established a “database of life-cycle carbon emission factors for buildings” in China. Using an LCA model, Zhang and Wang (2016b) calculated CEs throughout the entire life cycle of China’s ...
Embodied Carbon of Construction Waste (Vancouver Coastal Health) We analyzed the embodied carbon of construction waste from Vancouver General Hospital's Operating Room Renewal project. For each key waste material category (i.e. steel, aluminum, concrete, wood, glass, brick, and asphalt), we mode...
The focus of this paper is the Malaysian context however the principles apply universally. A typical 2-storey residential building has been investigated to determine the total carbon emissions when comparing two construction techniques: conventionally reinforced concrete and precast concrete panels. This ...
The building sector represents nearly one third of the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, in which the embodied carbon of reinforced concrete is recognized as a significant source of the GHG emissions. Developing low carbon reinforced concrete buildings is an important strategy to achieve the ...
Preliminary results indicate that the embodied energy and embodied carbon associated with the construction of the timber office block are 2,911 GJ and 287.9 T CO2e respectively which are to be compared to the concrete equivalent structure. Should carbon sequestration be included ...
Furthermore, durability performance in terms of embodied carbon and embodied energy is also reduced because of full-crack healing, which shows profound healing effect. 展开 关键词: Embodied carbon Fractures and durability PVA fiber Replacement material Self-healing concrete Silica fume Sustainability 年份...
Concrete Usage in the London 2012 Olympic Park and the Olympic and Paralympic Village and Its Embodied Carbon ContentConcrete Is Widely Used In The Olympic Park And Olympic And Paralympic Village. This Report Sets Out The Evidence On ... ...
Type of building materialEmbodied energy intensitiesa (MJ/kg) Aluminum 155.0–227.0 Bitumen and asphalt 2.6–44.1 Bricks and blocks 0.9–4.6 Concrete 0.50–1.6 Galvanized steel 35.8–39 Glass 15.0–18.0 Stone, gravel and aggregate 0.3–1.0 Purified fly ash (PFA) <0.1 Paint 20.0–81.5 Plaster...
Different materials defined in the literature as low carbon materials are referred, such as cement and concrete, wood, bricks, rammed earth and sandstone. The review shows the research efforts found in the literature to develop new materials with less embodied energy. Finally, the effect of ...