It is widely known that concrete is the construction industry's most used material. Unfortunately, it also has a sizeable carbon footprint, being responsible for about 8% of the world's CO_2 emissions. As the UK concrete industry moves towards net zero, various concrete products are now ...
The carbon factor of the building life cycle is measured and provides an updated emissions estimate. A material's embodied carbon value is its quantity, measured in kilograms, multiplied by its carbon factor, usually expressed in kilogram of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram (kg CO2eq/kg). ...
(2021), Petrović, Eriksson, and Zhang (2023) and Robati and Oldfield (2022) investigated the reduction in embodied carbon due to the types of buildings such as timber, steel, wood, and concrete. They found that timber buildings can reduce carbon emissions more than concrete buildings [23]...
The focus of this paper is the Malaysian context however the principles apply universally. A typical 2-storey residential building has been investigated to determine the total carbon emissions when comparing two construction techniques: conventionally reinforced concrete and precast concrete panels. This ...
Since concrete is the most abundant human-made material in the world, cement production creates an estimated~7% of the world’s CO2emissionsand is the largest contributor to embodied carbon in the built environment. Tackling Embodied Carbon
Different materials defined in the literature as low carbon materials are referred, such as cement and concrete, wood, bricks, rammed earth and sandstone. The review shows the research efforts found in the literature to develop new materials with less embodied energy. Finally, the effect of ...
b. EPDs of concrete mixes generated will be required with construction submittals to confirm carbon emissions, aka Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) of mixes installed. 2. Actual Reductions of Carbon Emissions in Concrete Mixes Utilized on the Project: a. MSCM is piloting the use of the Embodied...
Preliminary results indicate that the embodied energy and embodied carbon associated with the construction of the timber office block are 2,911 GJ and 287.9 T CO2e respectively which are to be compared to the concrete equivalent structure. Should carbon sequestration be included ...
The results showed that steel concrete produced fewer CEs per unit area. Dezhi et al. (2015) established a “database of life-cycle carbon emission factors for buildings” in China. Using an LCA model, Zhang and Wang (2016b) calculated CEs throughout the entire life cycle of China’s ...
Generally, carbon inventories are used as the basis for the cradle to gate embodied carbon emissions analysis (Hammond and Jones, 2006; Hong et al., 2014). Yan et al. (2010) indicated that embodied GHG emissions of concrete and steel account for 94–95% among the total building materials,...