Participants were excluded from the study if they were currently smoking, had a history of a heart attack within the last three months, had undergone chest/abdominal surgery within the previous three months, or had brain, ear, or eye surgery within the past month. None of the participants ...
The acute effects of smoking a low- or high-nicotine cigarette on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) hormones, subjective responses, and cardiovascular measures were studied in 20 healthy men who met American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV criteria for nicotine dependence...
Maternal smoking during pregnancy was also considered as a potential covariate; however, given the low frequency of smoking reported among participants (∼1.9%), prenatal smoking was not adjusted for in models. However, sensitivity analyses were performed excluding maternal participants who smoked ...
Environmental factors, which are acquired and modifiable, associated with AD include smoking status, alcohol consumption, diet, and physical activity [3]. On the other hand, the heritability of AD is approximately 70%, and genetic factors are inborn and nonmodifiable [4, 5]. However, knowing ...
Although it is more common for drug abuse to progress from tobacco to cannabis, in many cases cannabis use develops before tobacco use. Epidemiological evidence indicates that prior cannabis use increases the likelihood of becoming dependent on tobacco.
Effects of OPRM1 A118G on pain and placebo analgesia M Pecin˜a et al Neuroimaging Methods After image reconstruction (see Supplementary Methods), three receptor-related measures were calculated for each radiotracer: (1) baseline m-opioid and DA D2/3 BPND during the control condition; (2)...
Current statin use was associated with a reduced risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR = 0.45; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.80) in a single study of only one-year duration in which the role of smoking was unclear [88]. The other studies reporting protective associations between...
What Does Science Say About Matcha Benefits? As with other forms of green tea, many of matcha’s benefits are largely attributed to its high content of specific antioxidants called catechins. Scientific research has demonstrated that one particularly beneficial catechin found in green tea...
Those smoking higher CBD : THC strains also showed lower self-rated liking of cannabis stimuli on both test days. Our findings suggest that CBD has potential as a treatment for cannabis dependence. The acute modulation of the incentive salience of drug cues by CBD may possibly generalize to a...
All visual cues were blocked immediately before smoking with a blindfold to ensure that the participants would not get any informa- tion about the drug by seeing it. Doses were administered using a 14-min interdose interval because previous studies have shown that it would result in cumulative ...